--- title: Isaiah 14:31 (JPS 1917) — Howl, O gate; cry, O city; melt away, O Philistia, all of thee; for… · tree and pragmatics description: Howl, O gate; cry, O city; melt away, O Philistia, all of thee; for there cometh a smoke out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks. Who acts: you, smoke, straggler. Isaiah 14:31 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.332/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/14/) / [14:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.14.31/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 14:31 · JPS 1917 Howl, O gate; cry, O city; melt away, O Philistia, all of thee; for there cometh a smoke out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks. **Who acts:** you, smoke, straggler · **What happens:** howl, cry, melt away, come, be · **To what, where:** north This is Isaiah 14:31 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, smoke, straggler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:332 # text = Howl, O gate; cry, O city; melt away, O Philistia, all of thee; for there cometh a smoke out of the north, and there is no straggler in his ranks. 1 Howl howl VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 4 punct _ _ 3 O o INTJ UH _ 4 discourse _ _ 4 gate gate NOUN NN Number=Sing 1 vocative _ _ 5 ; ; PUNCT : _ 6 punct _ _ 6 cry cry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 parataxis _ _ 7 , , PUNCT , _ 9 punct _ _ 8 O o INTJ UH _ 9 discourse _ _ 9 city city NOUN NN Number=Sing 6 vocative _ _ 10 ; ; PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 11 melt melt VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 1 parataxis _ _ 12 away away ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 O o INTJ UH _ 15 discourse _ _ 15 Philistia Philistia PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 vocative _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 17 all all DET DT PronType=Tot 15 appos _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 17 nmod _ _ 20 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 21 for for SCONJ IN _ 23 mark _ _ 22 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 23 expl _ _ 23 cometh come VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 1 parataxis _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 smoke smoke NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nsubj _ _ 26 out out ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 27 of of ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 north north NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 33 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 33 cc _ _ 32 there there PRON EX PronType=Dem 33 expl _ _ 33 is be VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 conj _ _ 34 no no DET DT PronType=Neg 35 det _ _ 35 straggler straggler NOUN NN Number=Sing 33 nsubj _ _ 36 in in ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 38 nmod:poss _ _ 38 ranks rank NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 nmod _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 1 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **howl** | imperative | you *not said here* | | | | | gate *vocative* | vn animal\_sounds-38 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | infinitive | | | | | | city *vocative* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **melt away** | infinitive | | | | | | Philistia *vocative*; away *property* | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient | | 4 | **come** | present | a smoke | | | the north; there | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme out north=Initial\_Location | | 5 | **be** | present | no straggler in straggler's ranks | | | there | | | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הֵילִ֤ילִֽי שַׁ֙עַר֙ זַֽעֲקִי־עִ֔יר נָמ֖וֹג פְּלֶ֣שֶׁת כֻּלֵּ֑ךְ כִּ֤י מִצָּפוֹן֙ עָשָׁ֣ן בָּ֔א וְאֵ֥ין בּוֹדֵ֖ד בְּמוֹעָדָֽיו׃ [Isaiah 14:31: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.14.31/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:332` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 14:30 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.331/) - next →: [Isaiah 14:32 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.333/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 14:31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.14.31/)