---
title: Isaiah 15:3 (JPS 1917) — In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their house… · tree and pragmatics
description: In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely. Who acts: heads, one. Isaiah 15:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 15:3 · JPS 1917

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In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely.

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**Who acts:** heads, one · **What happens:** gird, howl, weep · **To what, where:** heads, streets

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This is Isaiah 15:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (heads, one), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:338
# text = In their streets they gird themselves with sackcloth; on their housetops, and in their broad places, every one howleth, weeping profusely.
1	In	in	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
2	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	3	nmod:poss	_	_
3	streets	street	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
4	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
5	gird	gird	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	themselves	themselves	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	5	obj	_	_
7	with	with	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	sackcloth	sackcloth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
10	on	on	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
11	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	12	nmod:poss	_	_
12	housetops	housetop	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	5	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
14	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
15	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
16	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
17	broad	broad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	places	place	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	22	obl	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	every	every	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	21	det	_	_
21	one	one	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	22	nsubj	_	_
22	howleth	howl	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	24	punct	_	_
24	weeping	weep	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	22	advcl	_	_
25	profusely	profusely	ADV	RB	_	24	advmod	_	_
26	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **gird** | present | heads *= head* | heads *= head* |  | heads's streets |  | with sackcloth; on heads's housetops | tree rules |
| 2 | **howl** | present | every one |  |  |  |  | in heads's broad places | vn nonverbal\_expression-40.2 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent in place=Theme |
| 3 | **weep** | gerund | every one *not said here* |  |  |  |  | profusely *property* | vn breathe-40.1.2 «NP V»: agent=Agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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בְּחוּצֹתָ֖יו חָ֣גְרוּ שָׂ֑ק עַ֣ל גַּגּוֹתֶ֧יהָ וּבִרְחֹבֹתֶ֛יהָ כֻּלֹּ֥ה יְיֵלִ֖יל יֹרֵ֥ד בַּבֶּֽכִי׃

[Isaiah 15:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.15.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:338` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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