---
title: Isaiah 15:4 (JPS 1917) — And Heshbon crieth out, and Elealeh; their voice is heard even unto… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Heshbon crieth out, and Elealeh; their voice is heard even unto Jahaz; therefore the armed men of Moab cry aloud; his soul is faint within him. Who acts: Heshbon, armed men, soul. Isaiah 15:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 15:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Heshbon crieth out, and Elealeh; their voice is heard even unto Jahaz; therefore the armed men of Moab cry aloud; his soul is faint within him.

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**Who acts:** Heshbon, armed men, soul · **What happens:** cry out, hear, cry, be · **To what, where:** voice

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 15:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Heshbon, armed men, soul), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:339
# text = And Heshbon crieth out, and Elealeh; their voice is heard even unto Jahaz; therefore the armed men of Moab cry aloud; his soul is faint within him.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	Heshbon	Heshbon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
3	crieth	cry	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	out	out	ADP	RP	_	3	compound:prt	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
6	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	7	cc	_	_
7	Elealeh	Elealeh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
8	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nsubj:pass	_	_
11	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	12	aux:pass	_	_
12	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
13	even	even	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
14	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Jahaz	Jahaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	12	obl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	23	punct	_	_
17	therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
19	armed	armed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	20	amod	_	_
20	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	23	nsubj	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	cry	cry	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
24	aloud	aloud	ADV	RB	_	23	advmod	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	29	punct	_	_
26	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	27	nmod:poss	_	_
27	soul	soul	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	29	nsubj	_	_
28	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	29	cop	_	_
29	faint	faint	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	parataxis	_	_
30	within	within	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
31	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	obl	_	_
32	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cry out** *speech: express* | present | Heshbon |  |  |  |  |  | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **hear** | present · passive |  | heads's voice |  |  |  | unto Jahaz | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: subject=Stimulus |
| 3 | **cry** *speech: express* | present | the armed men of Moab |  |  |  |  | aloud, therefore *property* | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | Moab's soul |  |  |  |  | within Moab; faint *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתִּזְעַ֤ק חֶשְׁבּוֹן֙ וְאֶלְעָלֵ֔ה עַד־יַ֖הַץ נִשְׁמַ֣ע קוֹלָ֑ם עַל־כֵּ֗ן חֲלֻצֵ֤י מוֹאָב֙ יָרִ֔יעוּ נַפְשׁ֖וֹ יָ֥רְעָה לּֽוֹ׃

[Isaiah 15:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.15.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:339` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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