---
title: Isaiah 16:3 (JPS 1917) — 'Give counsel, execute justice; make thy shadow as the night in the… · tree and pragmatics
description: 'Give counsel, execute justice; make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; betray not the fugitive. Who acts: you, thy. Isaiah 16:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 16:3 · JPS 1917

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'Give counsel, execute justice; make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; betray not the fugitive.

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**Who acts:** you, thy · **What happens:** give, execute, make, hide, not betray, shadow · **To what, where:** counsel, justice, shadow, midst, outcasts, fugitive

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This is Isaiah 16:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, thy), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:347
# text = 'Give counsel, execute justice; make thy shadow as the night in the midst of the noonday; hide the outcasts; betray not the fugitive.
1	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	2	punct	_	_
2	Give	give	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
3	counsel	counsel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	obj	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	execute	execute	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
6	justice	justice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	obj	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	8	punct	_	_
8	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
9	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	10	nmod:poss	_	_
10	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	as	as	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	night	night	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
14	in	in	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	midst	midst	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obl	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	noonday	noonday	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
21	hide	hide	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
22	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
23	outcasts	outcast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
25	betray	betray	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	2	conj	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
27	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	fugitive	fugitive	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **give** | imperative | you *not said here* | counsel |  |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent counsel=Theme |
| 2 | **execute** | infinitive | you *not said here* | justice |  |  |  |  | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent justice=Patient |
| 3 | **make** | infinitive | you *not said here* | thy shadow |  | the midst of the noonday | night |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset shadow=Product |
| 4 | **hide** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the outcasts |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent outcast=Patient |
| 5 | **not** **betray** | infinitive | you *not said here* | the fugitive |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 6 | **shadow** |  | thy |  |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הָבִ֤יאִי עֵצָה֙ עֲשׂ֣וּ פְלִילָ֔ה שִׁ֧יתִי כַלַּ֛יִל צִלֵּ֖ךְ בְּת֣וֹךְ צָהֳרָ֑יִם סַתְּרִי֙ נִדָּחִ֔ים נֹדֵ֖ד אַל־תְּגַלִּֽי׃

[Isaiah 16:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.16.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:347` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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