---
title: Isaiah 16:14 (JPS 1917) — But now the LORD hath spoken, saying: 'Within three years, as the ye… · tree and pragmatics
description: But now the LORD hath spoken, saying: 'Within three years, as the years of a hireling, and the glory of Moab shall wax contemptible for all his great multitude; and the remnant shall be very small and without strength.' Who acts: LORD, glory, remnant, Moab. Isaiah 16:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependen
---

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# Isaiah 16:14 · JPS 1917

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But now the LORD hath spoken, saying: 'Within three years, as the years of a hireling, and the glory of Moab shall wax contemptible for all his great multitude; and the remnant shall be very small and without strength.'

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**Who acts:** LORD, glory, remnant, Moab · **What happens:** speak, say, wax, be, glory · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 16:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, glory, remnant, Moab), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:358
# text = But now the LORD hath spoken, saying: 'Within three years, as the years of a hireling, and the glory of Moab shall wax contemptible for all his great multitude; and the remnant shall be very small and without strength.'
1	But	but	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	now	now	ADV	RB	PronType=Dem	6	advmod	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
5	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
6	spoken	speak	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
8	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	6	advcl	_	_
9	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
10	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
11	Within	within	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
12	three	three	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	13	nummod	_	_
13	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obl	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
15	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
16	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
17	years	year	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	nmod	_	_
18	of	of	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
19	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	hireling	hireling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	17	nmod	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
22	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	glory	glory	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nsubj	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Moab	Moab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	nmod	_	_
27	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	wax	wax	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	6	ccomp	_	_
29	contemptible	contemptible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	xcomp	_	_
30	for	for	ADP	IN	_	34	case	_	_
31	all	all	DET	PDT	PronType=Tot	34	det:predet	_	_
32	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	34	nmod:poss	_	_
33	great	great	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	34	amod	_	_
34	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
35	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
36	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	42	cc	_	_
37	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
38	remnant	remnant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
39	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	42	aux	_	_
40	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	42	cop	_	_
41	very	very	ADV	RB	_	42	advmod	_	_
42	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	conj	_	_
43	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	45	cc	_	_
44	without	without	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
45	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	conj	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
47	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: pos
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | the LORD |  |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the LORD *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **wax** | shall | the glory of Moab |  |  |  |  | for Moab's great multitude; contemptible *property* | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **is** | shall | the remnant |  |  |  |  | small *property* | tree rules |
| 5 | **glory** |  | Moab |  |  |  |  |  | nom glory «state intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וְעַתָּ֗ה דִּבֶּ֣ר יְהוָה֮ לֵאמֹר֒ בְּשָׁלֹ֤שׁ שָׁנִים֙ כִּשְׁנֵ֣י שָׂכִ֔יר וְנִקְלָה֙ כְּב֣וֹד מוֹאָ֔ב בְּכֹ֖ל הֶהָמ֣וֹן הָרָ֑ב וּשְׁאָ֥ר מְעַ֛ט מִזְעָ֖ר ל֥וֹא כַבִּֽיר׃ס

[Isaiah 16:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.16.14/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:358` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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