--- title: Isaiah 2:4 (JPS 1917) — And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many pe… · tree and pragmatics description: And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. Who acts: mountain, peoples, nation. Isaiah 2:4 in JP --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.36/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/2/) / [2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.2.4/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 2:4 · JPS 1917 And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. **Who acts:** mountain, peoples, nation · **What happens:** judge, decide, beat, not lift up, learn · **To what, where:** swords, plowshares, sword, nation, war This is Isaiah 2:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (mountain, peoples, nation), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:36 # text = And He shall judge between the nations, and shall decide for many peoples; and they shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruninghooks; nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 4 cc _ _ 2 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 judge judge VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 between between ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 nations nation NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 10 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 11 decide decide VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 12 for for ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 many many ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 14 amod _ _ 14 peoples people NOUN NNS Number=Plur 11 obl _ _ 15 ; ; PUNCT : _ 19 punct _ _ 16 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 17 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 19 nsubj _ _ 18 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 19 aux _ _ 19 beat beat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 20 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 swords sword NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 22 into into ADP IN _ 23 case _ _ 23 plowshares plowshare NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obl _ _ 24 , , PUNCT , _ 27 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 26 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 27 nmod:poss _ _ 27 spears spear NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 obj _ _ 28 into into ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 pruninghooks pruninghook NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nmod _ _ 30 ; ; PUNCT : _ 34 punct _ _ 31 nation nation NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nsubj _ _ 32 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 34 aux _ _ 33 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 34 advmod _ _ 34 lift lift VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 35 up up ADP RP _ 34 compound:prt _ _ 36 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obj _ _ 37 against against ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 nation nation NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 43 punct _ _ 40 neither neither CCONJ CC _ 43 cc _ _ 41 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 43 aux _ _ 42 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 43 nsubj _ _ 43 learn learn VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 34 conj _ _ 44 war war NOUN NN Number=Sing 43 obj _ _ 45 any any ADV RB _ 46 advmod _ _ 46 more more ADV RBR Degree=Cmp 43 advmod _ _ 47 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **judge** | shall | mountain | | | | | between the nations | vn estimate-34.2-1-1 «NP V whether/if S»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **decide** | shall | mountain *not said here* | | | | | for many peoples | vn correspond-36.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **beat** | shall | peoples *= people* | peoples's swords | | plowshares | | | vn hit-18.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent sword=Patient spear=Result | | 4 | **not** **lift up** | shall | nation | sword | | nation | | | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent sword=Theme against nation=Destination | | 5 | **learn** | shall | peoples *= people* | war | | | | | vn learn-14-2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent war=Topic | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְשָׁפַט֙ בֵּ֣ין הַגּוֹיִ֔ם וְהוֹכִ֖יחַ לְעַמִּ֣ים רַבִּ֑ים וְכִתְּת֨וּ חַרְבוֹתָ֜ם לְאִתִּ֗ים וַחֲנִיתֽוֹתֵיהֶם֙ לְמַזְמֵר֔וֹת לֹא־יִשָּׂ֨א ג֤וֹי אֶל־גּוֹי֙ חֶ֔רֶב וְלֹא־יִלְמְד֥וּ ע֖וֹד מִלְחָמָֽה׃פ [Isaiah 2:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.2.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:36` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 2:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.35/) - next →: [Isaiah 2:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.37/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 2:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.2.4/)