---
title: Isaiah 17:2 (JPS 1917) — The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they shall be for flocks, which sh… · tree and pragmatics
description: The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid. Who acts: they, flocks, none. Isaiah 17:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 17:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** they, flocks, none · **What happens:** forsake, be, lie down, make · **To what, where:** cities, flocks

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This is Isaiah 17:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (they, flocks, none), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:361
# text = The cities of Aroer are forsaken; they shall be for flocks, which shall lie down, and none shall make them afraid.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	nsubj:pass	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	4	case	_	_
4	Aroer	Aroer	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux:pass	_	_
6	forsaken	forsake	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
7	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	12	nsubj	_	_
9	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	12	aux	_	_
10	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	cop	_	_
11	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	flocks	flock	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	6	conj	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	16	punct	_	_
14	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	16	nsubj	_	_
15	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	lie	lie	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	12	acl:relcl	_	_
17	down	down	ADV	RB	_	16	advmod	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
20	none	none	PRON	NN	PronType=Neg	22	nsubj	_	_
21	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	22	aux	_	_
22	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	16	conj	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	afraid	afraid	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
25	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **forsake** | present · passive |  | the cities of Aroer |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | shall | they |  |  |  |  | for flocks | tree rules |
| 3 | **lie down** | shall | flocks |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **make** | shall | none | flocks *= flock* |  |  |  | afraid *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset they=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
עֲזֻב֖וֹת עָרֵ֣י עֲרֹעֵ֑ר לַעֲדָרִ֣ים תִּֽהְיֶ֔ינָה וְרָבְצ֖וּ וְאֵ֥ין מַחֲרִֽיד׃

[Isaiah 17:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.17.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:361` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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