--- title: Isaiah 18:6 (JPS 1917) — They shall be left together unto the ravenous birds of the mountains… · tree and pragmatics description: They shall be left together unto the ravenous birds of the mountains, and to the beasts of the earth; and the ravenous birds shall summer upon them, and all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. Who acts: ravenous birds, beasts. Isaiah 18:6 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the prag --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.381/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/18/) / [18:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.6/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 18:6 · JPS 1917 They shall be left together unto the ravenous birds of the mountains, and to the beasts of the earth; and the ravenous birds shall summer upon them, and all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. **Who acts:** ravenous birds, beasts · **What happens:** leave, summer, winter · **To what, where:** shoots This is Isaiah 18:6 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ravenous birds, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:381 # text = They shall be left together unto the ravenous birds of the mountains, and to the beasts of the earth; and the ravenous birds shall summer upon them, and all the beasts of the earth shall winter upon them. 1 They they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 4 nsubj:pass _ _ 2 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 4 aux:pass _ _ 4 left leave VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 0 root _ _ 5 together together ADV RB _ 4 advmod _ _ 6 unto unto ADP IN _ 9 case _ _ 7 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 9 det _ _ 8 ravenous ravenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 9 amod _ _ 9 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 4 obl _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 12 case _ _ 11 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 12 det _ _ 12 mountains mountain NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 nmod _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 17 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 17 cc _ _ 15 to to ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 17 det _ _ 17 beasts beast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 9 conj _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 19 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 20 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 nmod _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 22 and and CCONJ CC _ 27 cc _ _ 23 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 24 ravenous ravenous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 25 amod _ _ 25 birds bird NOUN NNS Number=Plur 27 nsubj _ _ 26 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 27 aux _ _ 27 summer summer VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 28 upon upon ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 29 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 27 obl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 39 punct _ _ 31 and and CCONJ CC _ 39 cc _ _ 32 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 34 det:predet _ _ 33 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 34 det _ _ 34 beasts beast NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 35 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 36 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 37 det _ _ 37 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 34 nmod _ _ 38 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 39 winter winter VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 27 conj _ _ 40 upon upon ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 39 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: neg - teacher: changed polarity=neg | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **leave** | shall · passive | | shoots *= shoot* | | | | unto the ravenous birds of the mountains and the beasts of the earth; together *property* | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme | | 2 | **summer** | shall | the ravenous birds | | | | | upon shoots *= shoot* | vn weekend-56 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location | | 3 | **winter** | shall | all beasts of the earth | | | | | upon shoots *= shoot* | vn weekend-56 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme upon they=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} יֵעָזְב֤וּ יַחְדָּו֙ לְעֵ֣יט הָרִ֔ים וּֽלְבֶהֱמַ֖ת הָאָ֑רֶץ וְקָ֤ץ עָלָיו֙ הָעַ֔יִט וְכָל־בֶּהֱמַ֥ת הָאָ֖רֶץ עָלָ֥יו תֶּחֱרָֽף׃ [Isaiah 18:6: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.6/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:381` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 18:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.380/) - next →: [Isaiah 18:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.382/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 18:6](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.18.6/)