--- title: Isaiah 19:20 (JPS 1917) — And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts… · tree and pragmatics description: And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt; for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and He will send them a saviour, and a defender, who will deliver them. Who acts: land, hosts, Egypt, defender. Isaiah 19:20 in JPS 1917 with its depe --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.404/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/19/) / [19:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.20/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 19:20 · JPS 1917 And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt; for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and He will send them a saviour, and a defender, who will deliver them. **Who acts:** land, hosts, Egypt, defender · **What happens:** be, cry, send, deliver · **To what, where:** land, saviour, hosts This is Isaiah 19:20 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (land, hosts, Egypt, defender), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:404 # text = And it shall be for a sign and for a witness unto the LORD of hosts in the land of Egypt; for they shall cry unto the LORD because of the oppressors, and He will send them a saviour, and a defender, who will deliver them. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 7 cc _ _ 2 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 7 nsubj _ _ 3 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 7 aux _ _ 4 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 7 cop _ _ 5 for for ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 sign sign NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 9 for for ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 witness witness NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 conj _ _ 12 unto unto ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 hosts host NOUN NNS Number=Plur 14 nmod _ _ 17 in in ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 18 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 Egypt Egypt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 ; ; PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 23 for for SCONJ IN _ 26 mark _ _ 24 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 25 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 26 cry cry VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 7 advcl _ _ 27 unto unto ADP IN _ 29 case _ _ 28 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 26 obl _ _ 30 because because ADP IN ExtPos=ADP 33 case _ _ 31 of of ADP IN _ 30 fixed _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 oppressors oppressor NOUN NNS Number=Plur 26 obl _ _ 34 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 35 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 36 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 send send VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 26 conj _ _ 39 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 iobj _ _ 40 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 41 det _ _ 41 saviour saviour NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 obj _ _ 42 , , PUNCT , _ 45 punct _ _ 43 and and CCONJ CC _ 45 cc _ _ 44 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 45 det _ _ 45 defender defender NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 conj _ _ 46 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 47 who who PRON WP PronType=Rel 49 nsubj _ _ 48 will will AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 49 aux _ _ 49 deliver deliver VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 45 acl:relcl _ _ 50 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 49 obj _ _ 51 . . PUNCT . _ 7 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: pos - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | shall | land | | | the land of Egypt | | for a sign and a witness unto the LORD of hosts | tree rules | | 2 | **cry** *speech: express* | shall | hosts *= host* | | | | | unto the LORD; because the oppressors | vn manner\_speaking-37.3 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **send** | future | Egypt | a saviour and a defender | hosts *= host* | | | | vn send-11.1-1 «NP V NP-Dative NP»: agent=Agent they=Destination saviour=Theme | | 4 | **deliver** | future | a defender | hosts *= host* | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהָיָ֨ה לְא֥וֹת וּלְעֵ֛ד לַֽיהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת בְּאֶ֣רֶץ מִצְרָ֑יִם כִּֽי־יִצְעֲק֤וּ אֶל־יְהוָה֙ מִפְּנֵ֣י לֹֽחֲצִ֔ים וְיִשְׁלַ֥ח לָהֶ֛ם מוֹשִׁ֥יעַ וָרָ֖ב וְהִצִּילָֽם׃ [Isaiah 19:20: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.20/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:404` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 19:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.403/) - next →: [Isaiah 19:21 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.405/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 19:20](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.19.20/)