---
title: Isaiah 21:2 (JPS 1917) — A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer deale… · tree and pragmatics
description: A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth. Who acts: treacherous dealer, spoiler. Isaiah 21:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 21:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3

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A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth.

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**Who acts:** treacherous dealer, spoiler · **What happens:** declare, deal, spoil · **To what, where:** grievous vision

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This is Isaiah 21:2 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (treacherous dealer, spoiler), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:418
# text = A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth.
1	A	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	grievous	grievous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	3	amod	_	_
3	vision	vision	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	declared	declare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
9	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	13	punct	_	_
10	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
11	treacherous	treacherous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	12	amod	_	_
12	dealer	dealer	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	nsubj	_	_
13	dealeth	deal	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
14	treacherously	treacherously	ADV	RB	_	13	advmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	spoiler	spoiler	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	nsubj	_	_
19	spoileth	spoil	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	conj	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present · passive |  | a grievous vision |  |  |  | unto me | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Attribute |
| 2 | **deal** | present | the treacherous dealer |  |  |  |  | treacherously *property* | vn cope-83 «NP V PP.theme»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **spoil** | present | the spoiler |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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חָז֥וּת קָשָׁ֖ה הֻגַּד־לִ֑י הַבּוֹגֵ֤ד ׀ בּוֹגֵד֙ וְהַשּׁוֹדֵ֣ד ׀ שׁוֹדֵ֔ד עֲלִ֤י עֵילָם֙ צוּרִ֣י מָדַ֔י כָּל־אַנְחָתָ֖ה הִשְׁבַּֽתִּי׃

[Isaiah 21:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.2/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **A grievous vision is declared unto me: 'The treacherous dealer dealeth treacherously, and the spoiler spoileth.**
2. [Go up, O Elam! besiege, O Media!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.419/)
3. [All the sighing thereof have I made to cease.'](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.420/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:418` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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