--- title: Isaiah 21:9 (JPS 1917) — And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the grave… · tree and pragmatics description: And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.' Who acts: Lord. Isaiah 21:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.428/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 21](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/21/) / [21:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.9/) / JPS 2 # Isaiah 21:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.' **Who acts:** Lord · **What happens:** speak, say, fall, be, break, image · **To what, where:** Babylon, graven images, gods · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Isaiah 21:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:428 # text = And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 nsubj _ _ 3 spoke speak VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 3 conj _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 8 punct _ _ 8 Fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 12 nsubj _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 10 fallen fall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 8 conj _ _ 11 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 cop _ _ 12 Babylon Babylon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 ccomp _ _ 13 ; ; PUNCT : _ 23 punct _ _ 14 and and CCONJ CC _ 23 cc _ _ 15 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 18 det:predet _ _ 16 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 17 graven graven ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 18 amod _ _ 18 images image NOUN NNS Number=Plur 23 nsubj:pass _ _ 19 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 20 her her PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 21 nmod:poss _ _ 21 gods god NOUN NNS Number=Plur 18 nmod _ _ 22 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 23 aux:pass _ _ 23 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 5 conj _ _ 24 unto unto ADP IN _ 26 case _ _ 25 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 26 det _ _ 26 ground ground NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 obl _ _ 27 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 28 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **speak** *speech: other* | past | Lord | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Lord *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **fall** | participle | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **fall** | participle | | | | | | | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **is a** | present | | Babylon | | | | | tree rules | | 6 | **break** | present · passive | | all graven images of Babylon's gods | | | | unto the ground | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient | | 7 | **image** | | | Babylon's gods | | | | | nom image «cognition transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהִנֵּה־זֶ֥ה בָא֙ רֶ֣כֶב אִ֔ישׁ צֶ֖מֶד פָּֽרָשִׁ֑ים וַיַּ֣עַן וַיֹּ֗אמֶר נָפְלָ֤ה נָֽפְלָה֙ בָּבֶ֔ל וְכָל־פְּסִילֵ֥י אֱלֹהֶ֖יהָ שִׁבַּ֥ר לָאָֽרֶץ׃ [Isaiah 21:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.9/) This verse in JPS 1917: 1. [And, behold, there came a troop of men, horsemen by pairs.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.427/) 2. **And he spoke and said: 'Fallen, fallen is Babylon; and all the graven images of her gods are broken unto the ground.'** **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:428` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 21:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.427/) - next →: [Isaiah 21:10 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.429/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 21:9](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.21.9/)