--- title: Isaiah 22:13 (JPS 1917) — And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating… · tree and pragmatics description: And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine — 'Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die!' Who acts: you, us, we. Isaiah 22:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.455/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 22](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/22/) / [22:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.22.13/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 22:13 · JPS 1917 And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine — 'Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die!' **Who acts:** you, us, we · **What happens:** behold, slay, kill, eat, drink, let · **To what, where:** joy, oxen, sheep, flesh, wine, us This is Isaiah 22:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, us, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:455 # text = And behold joy and gladness, slaying oxen and killing sheep, eating flesh and drinking wine — 'Let us eat and drink, for tomorrow we shall die!' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 2 cc _ _ 2 behold behold VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 joy joy NOUN NN Number=Sing 2 obj _ _ 4 and and CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 5 gladness gladness NOUN NN Number=Sing 3 conj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 7 punct _ _ 7 slaying slay VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 2 advcl _ _ 8 oxen ox NOUN NNS Number=Plur 7 obj _ _ 9 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 10 killing kill VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 conj _ _ 11 sheep sheep NOUN NNS Number=Sing 10 obj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 13 punct _ _ 13 eating eat VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 7 conj _ _ 14 flesh flesh NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 obj _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 drinking drink VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 13 conj _ _ 17 wine wine NOUN NN Number=Sing 16 obj _ _ 18 — - PUNCT : _ 20 punct _ _ 19 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 20 punct _ _ 20 Let let VERB VB Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin 2 parataxis _ _ 21 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 20 obj _ _ 22 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 20 xcomp _ _ 23 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 24 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 22 conj _ _ 25 , , PUNCT , _ 30 punct _ _ 26 for for ADP IN _ 27 case _ _ 27 tomorrow tomorrow NOUN NN Number=Sing 30 obl _ _ 28 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 30 nsubj _ _ 29 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 30 aux _ _ 30 die die VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 24 advcl _ _ 31 ! ! PUNCT . _ 20 punct _ _ 32 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: command - act: request - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **behold** | imperative | you *not said here* | joy and gladness | | | | | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer joy=Stimulus | | 2 | **slay** | gerund | you *not said here* | oxen | | | | | vn murder-42.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ox=Patient | | 3 | **kill** | gerund | you *not said here* | sheep | | | | | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent sheep=Theme | | 4 | **eat** | gerund | you *not said here* | flesh | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent flesh=Patient | | 5 | **drink** | gerund | you *not said here* | wine | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wine=Patient | | 6 | **let** | infinitive | | us | | | | | tree rules | | 7 | **eat** | infinitive | us *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 8 | **drink** | infinitive | us *not said here* | | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 9 | **die** | shall | we | | | | tomorrow | | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1 «NP.attribute V»: agent=Attribute | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהִנֵּ֣ה ׀ שָׂשׂ֣וֹן וְשִׂמְחָ֗ה הָרֹ֤ג ׀ בָּקָר֙ וְשָׁחֹ֣ט צֹ֔אן אָכֹ֥ל בָּשָׂ֖ר וְשָׁת֣וֹת יָ֑יִן אָכ֣וֹל וְשָׁת֔וֹ כִּ֥י מָחָ֖ר נָמֽוּת׃ [Isaiah 22:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.22.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:455` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 22:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.454/) - next →: [Isaiah 22:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.456/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 22:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.22.13/)