--- title: Isaiah 23:4 (JPS 1917) — Be thou ashamed, O Zidon; for the sea hath spoken, the stronghold of… · tree and pragmatics description: Be thou ashamed, O Zidon; for the sea hath spoken, the stronghold of the sea, saying: 'I have not travailed, nor brought forth, neither have I reared young men, nor brought up virgins.' Who acts: thou, sea, I. Isaiah 23:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.472/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 23](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/23/) / [23:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.4/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 23:4 · JPS 1917 Be thou ashamed, O Zidon; for the sea hath spoken, the stronghold of the sea, saying: 'I have not travailed, nor brought forth, neither have I reared young men, nor brought up virgins.' **Who acts:** thou, sea, I · **What happens:** be, speak, say, not travail, bring, rear · **To what, where:** young men, virgins · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Isaiah 23:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou, sea, I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:472 # text = Be thou ashamed, O Zidon; for the sea hath spoken, the stronghold of the sea, saying: 'I have not travailed, nor brought forth, neither have I reared young men, nor brought up virgins.' 1 Be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 3 cop _ _ 2 thou thou PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 3 nsubj _ _ 3 ashamed ashamed ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 0 root _ _ 4 , , PUNCT , _ 6 punct _ _ 5 O o INTJ UH _ 6 discourse _ _ 6 Zidon Zidon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 vocative _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 12 punct _ _ 8 for for SCONJ IN _ 12 mark _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 12 nsubj _ _ 11 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 12 aux _ _ 12 spoken speak VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 3 advcl _ _ 13 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 stronghold stronghold NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 appos _ _ 16 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 18 sea sea NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 20 punct _ _ 20 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 12 advcl _ _ 21 : : PUNCT : _ 26 punct _ _ 22 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 26 punct _ _ 23 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 26 nsubj _ _ 24 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 26 aux _ _ 25 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 26 advmod _ _ 26 travailed travail VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 20 ccomp _ _ 27 , , PUNCT , _ 29 punct _ _ 28 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 29 cc _ _ 29 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 26 conj _ _ 30 forth forth ADV RB _ 29 advmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 35 punct _ _ 32 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 35 cc _ _ 33 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 35 aux _ _ 34 I I PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 35 nsubj _ _ 35 reared rear VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 26 conj _ _ 36 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 37 amod _ _ 37 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 35 obj _ _ 38 , , PUNCT , _ 40 punct _ _ 39 nor nor CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 40 cc _ _ 40 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 35 conj _ _ 41 up up ADP RP _ 40 compound:prt _ _ 42 virgins virgin NOUN NNS Number=Plur 40 obj _ _ 43 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 44 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: disagree - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | infinitive | thou | | | | | Zidon *vocative*; ashamed *property* | tree rules | | 2 | **speak** *speech: other* | present · perfect | the sea | | | | | | vn talk-37.5 «NP V»: agent=Agent | | 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | the sea *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 4 | **not** **travail** | present · perfect | I | | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **bring** | participle | I *not said here* | | | | | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **rear** | present · perfect | I | young men | | | | | vn rear-26.2.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent man=Patient | | 7 | **bring up** | participle | I *not said here* | virgins | | | | | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent virgin=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} בּ֣וֹשִׁי צִיד֔וֹן כִּֽי־אָמַ֣ר יָ֔ם מָע֥וֹז הַיָּ֖ם לֵאמֹ֑ר לֹֽא־חַ֣לְתִּי וְלֹֽא־יָלַ֗דְתִּי וְלֹ֥א גִדַּ֛לְתִּי בַּחוּרִ֖ים רוֹמַ֥מְתִּי בְתוּלֽוֹת׃ [Isaiah 23:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.4/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:472` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 23:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.471/) - next →: [Isaiah 23:5 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.473/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 23:4](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.4/)