---
title: Isaiah 23:8 (JPS 1917) — Who hath devised this against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchan… · tree and pragmatics
description: Who hath devised this against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth? Who acts: merchants, traffickers. Isaiah 23:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 23:8 · JPS 1917

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Who hath devised this against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth?

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**Who acts:** merchants, traffickers · **What happens:** devise, be · **To what, where:** this, princes, honourable

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This is Isaiah 23:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (merchants, traffickers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:476
# text = Who hath devised this against Tyre, the crowning city, whose merchants are princes, whose traffickers are the honourable of the earth?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	devised	devise	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	this	this	PRON	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	3	obj	_	_
5	against	against	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tyre	Tyre	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
9	crowning	crowning	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
10	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	13	nmod:poss	_	_
13	merchants	merchant	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	nsubj	_	_
14	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	cop	_	_
15	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	acl:relcl	_	_
16	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
17	whose	whose	PRON	WP$	Poss=Yes|PronType=Rel	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	traffickers	trafficker	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	nsubj	_	_
19	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	21	cop	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	honourable	honourable	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	conj	_	_
22	of	of	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: wh-question
- act: ask
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed act=ask, indirect=1

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **devise** | present · perfect |  | this |  |  |  | against Tyre | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Patient |
| 2 | **is a** | present | princes and the honourable's merchants | princes and the honourable |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **is a** | present | the honourable's traffickers | the honourable |  |  |  | of the earth | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִ֚י יָעַ֣ץ זֹ֔את עַל־צֹ֖ר הַמַּֽעֲטִירָ֑ה אֲשֶׁ֤ר סֹחֲרֶ֙יה֙ שָׂרִ֔ים כִּנְעָנֶ֖יהָ נִכְבַּדֵּי־אָֽרֶץ׃

[Isaiah 23:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.23.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:476` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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