---
title: Isaiah 25:4 (JPS 1917) — For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the nee… · tree and pragmatics
description: For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat; for the blast of the terrible ones was as a storm against the wall. Who acts: Thou, blast, city. Isaiah 25:4 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatic
---

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# Isaiah 25:4 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat; for the blast of the terrible ones was as a storm against the wall.

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**Who acts:** Thou, blast, city · **What happens:** be, distress, blast · **To what, where:** stronghold, terrible ones

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This is Isaiah 25:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Thou, blast, city), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:514
# text = For Thou hast been a stronghold to the poor, a stronghold to the needy in his distress, a refuge from the storm, a shadow from the heat; for the blast of the terrible ones was as a storm against the wall.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	6	mark	_	_
2	Thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
3	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
4	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	6	cop	_	_
5	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	stronghold	stronghold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	to	to	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	poor	poor	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	stronghold	stronghold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
13	to	to	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	needy	needy	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	nmod	_	_
16	in	in	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
17	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	18	nmod:poss	_	_
18	distress	distress	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	refuge	refuge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
22	from	from	ADP	IN	_	24	case	_	_
23	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	24	det	_	_
24	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	nmod	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	27	punct	_	_
26	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	27	det	_	_
27	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	conj	_	_
28	from	from	ADP	IN	_	30	case	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	heat	heat	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	27	nmod	_	_
31	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	42	punct	_	_
32	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	42	mark	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	blast	blast	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nsubj	_	_
35	of	of	ADP	IN	_	38	case	_	_
36	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	38	det	_	_
37	terrible	terrible	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	38	amod	_	_
38	ones	one	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	nmod	_	_
39	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	42	cop	_	_
40	as	as	ADP	IN	_	42	case	_	_
41	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	42	det	_	_
42	storm	storm	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	advcl	_	_
43	against	against	ADP	IN	_	45	case	_	_
44	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	45	det	_	_
45	wall	wall	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	42	nmod	_	_
46	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present · perfect | Thou | a stronghold and a stronghold to the needy in city's distress and a refuge from the storm and a shadow from the heat |  |  |  | to the poor | tree rules |
| 2 | **is** | past | the blast of the terrible ones |  |  |  |  | as a storm; against the wall | tree rules |
| 3 | **distress** |  | city |  |  |  |  |  | nom distress «feeling transitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **blast** |  |  | the terrible ones |  |  |  |  | nom blast «act transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּֽי־הָיִ֨יתָ מָע֥וֹז לַדָּ֛ל מָע֥וֹז לָאֶבְי֖וֹן בַּצַּר־ל֑וֹ מַחְסֶ֤ה מִזֶּ֙רֶם֙ צֵ֣ל מֵחֹ֔רֶב כִּ֛י ר֥וּחַ עָרִיצִ֖ים כְּזֶ֥רֶם קִֽיר׃

[Isaiah 25:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.25.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:514` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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