--- title: Isaiah 26:18 (JPS 1917) — We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were br… · tree and pragmatics description: We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the land; neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life. Who acts: We, inhabitants. Isaiah 26:18 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every claus --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.540/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/26/) / [26:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.26.18/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 26:18 · JPS 1917 We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the land; neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life. **Who acts:** We, inhabitants · **What happens:** be, bring forth, not work, come · **To what, where:** pain, wind, deliverance, land, life This is Isaiah 26:18 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (We, inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:540 # text = We have been with child, we have been in pain, we have as it were brought forth wind; we have not wrought any deliverance in the land; neither are the inhabitants of the world come to life. 1 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 5 nsubj _ _ 2 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 5 aux _ _ 3 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 cop _ _ 4 with with ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 child child NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 7 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 nsubj _ _ 8 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 9 been be AUX VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 11 cop _ _ 10 in in ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 pain pain NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 conj _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 18 nsubj _ _ 14 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 18 aux _ _ 15 as as SCONJ IN _ 17 mark _ _ 16 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 17 nsubj _ _ 17 were be AUX VBD Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 18 advcl _ _ 18 brought bring VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 19 forth forth ADP RP _ 18 compound:prt _ _ 20 wind wind NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 obj _ _ 21 ; ; PUNCT : _ 25 punct _ _ 22 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 nsubj _ _ 23 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 aux _ _ 24 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 25 advmod _ _ 25 wrought work VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 26 any any DET DT PronType=Ind 27 det _ _ 27 deliverance deliverance NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obj _ _ 28 in in ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 land land NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 obl _ _ 31 ; ; PUNCT : _ 39 punct _ _ 32 neither neither CCONJ CC Polarity=Neg 39 cc _ _ 33 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 39 aux _ _ 34 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 35 det _ _ 35 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 39 nsubj _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 39 come come VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 conj _ _ 40 to to ADP IN _ 41 case _ _ 41 life life NOUN NN Number=Sing 39 obl _ _ 42 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: neg - teacher: changed polarity=neg, voice=character | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | present · perfect | We | | | | | with child and pain | tree rules | | 2 | **is** | present · perfect | we | | | pain | | | tree rules | | 3 | **bring forth** | present · perfect | we | wind | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent wind=Patient | | 4 | **not** **work** | present · perfect | we | any deliverance | | the land | | | vn knead-26.5 «NP V NP.material»: agent=Agent deliverance=Material | | 5 | **come** | present · passive | the inhabitants of the world | | | life | | | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to life=Initial\_Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הָרִ֣ינוּ חַ֔לְנוּ כְּמ֖וֹ יָלַ֣דְנוּ ר֑וּחַ יְשׁוּעֹת֙ בַּל־נַ֣עֲשֶׂה אֶ֔רֶץ וּבַֽל־יִפְּל֖וּ יֹשְׁבֵ֥י תֵבֵֽל׃ [Isaiah 26:18: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.26.18/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:540` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 26:17 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.539/) - next →: [Isaiah 26:19 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.541/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 26:18](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.26.18/)