--- title: Isaiah 28:2 (JPS 1917) — Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a… · tree and pragmatics description: Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence. Who acts: Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail. Isaiah 28:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.560/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/) / [28:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.2/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 28:2 · JPS 1917 Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence. **Who acts:** Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail · **What happens:** have, overflow, cast down, storm · **To what, where:** mighty one, earth This is Isaiah 28:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord, mighty waters, mighty one, hail), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:560 # text = Behold, the Lord hath a mighty and strong one, as a storm of hail, a tempest of destruction, as a storm of mighty waters overflowing, that casteth down to the earth with violence. 1 Behold behold INTJ UH _ 5 discourse _ _ 2 , , PUNCT , _ 1 punct _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 Lord Lord PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 hath have VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 7 mighty mighty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 10 amod _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 9 cc _ _ 9 strong strong ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 7 conj _ _ 10 one one NOUN NN Number=Sing 5 obj _ _ 11 , , PUNCT , _ 14 punct _ _ 12 as as ADP IN _ 14 case _ _ 13 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 14 det _ _ 14 storm storm NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 15 of of ADP IN _ 16 case _ _ 16 hail hail NOUN NN Number=Sing 14 nmod _ _ 17 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 18 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 19 det _ _ 19 tempest tempest NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 appos _ _ 20 of of ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 destruction destruction NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 23 as as ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 storm storm NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 nmod _ _ 26 of of ADP IN _ 28 case _ _ 27 mighty mighty ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 28 amod _ _ 28 waters water NOUN NNS Number=Plur 25 nmod _ _ 29 overflowing overflow VERB VBG VerbForm=Ger 28 acl _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 32 punct _ _ 31 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 32 nsubj _ _ 32 casteth cast VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 10 acl:relcl _ _ 33 down down ADV RB _ 32 advmod _ _ 34 to to ADP IN _ 36 case _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 earth earth NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 37 with with ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 38 violence violence NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 obl _ _ 39 . . PUNCT . _ 5 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **have** | present | the Lord | a mighty one | | | | as a storm of hail; as a storm of mighty waters | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 2 | **overflow** | gerund | mighty waters *not said here* | | | | | | tree rules | | 3 | **cast down** | present | a mighty one | | | the earth | | with violence; down *property* | vn throw-17.1 «NP V NP PP.destinations»: agent=Agent to earth=Destination | | 4 | **storm** | | hail | | | | | | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent | | 5 | **storm** | | mighty waters | | | | | | nom storm «phenomenon intransitive»: of=agent | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} הִנֵּ֨ה חָזָ֤ק וְאַמִּץ֙ לַֽאדֹנָ֔י כְּזֶ֥רֶם בָּרָ֖ד שַׂ֣עַר קָ֑טֶב כְּ֠זֶרֶם מַ֣יִם כַּבִּירִ֥ים שֹׁטְפִ֛ים הִנִּ֥יחַ לָאָ֖רֶץ בְּיָֽד׃ [Isaiah 28:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.2/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:560` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 28:1 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.559/) - next →: [Isaiah 28:3 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.561/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 28:2](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.2/)