--- title: Isaiah 28:13 (JPS 1917) — And so the word of the LORD is unto them precept by precept, precept… · tree and pragmatics description: And so the word of the LORD is unto them precept by precept, precept by precept, line by line, line by line; here a little, there a little; that they may go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken. Who acts: word, rest. Isaiah 28:13 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragm --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.573/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/) / [28:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.13/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 28:13 · JPS 1917 And so the word of the LORD is unto them precept by precept, precept by precept, line by line, line by line; here a little, there a little; that they may go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken. **Who acts:** word, rest · **What happens:** be, go, fall, break, snare, take · **To what, where:** precept, LORD This is Isaiah 28:13 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (word, rest), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:573 # text = And so the word of the LORD is unto them precept by precept, precept by precept, line by line, line by line; here a little, there a little; that they may go, and fall backward, and be broken, and snared, and taken. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 11 cc _ _ 2 so so ADV RB _ 11 advmod _ _ 3 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 4 det _ _ 4 word word NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 5 of of ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nmod _ _ 8 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 cop _ _ 9 unto unto ADP IN _ 10 case _ _ 10 them they PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 11 obl _ _ 11 precept precept NOUN NN Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 12 by by ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 precept precept NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 15 precept precept NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 appos _ _ 16 by by ADP IN _ 17 case _ _ 17 precept precept NOUN NN Number=Sing 15 nmod _ _ 18 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 19 line line NOUN NN Number=Sing 17 conj _ _ 20 by by ADP IN _ 21 case _ _ 21 line line NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 nmod _ _ 22 , , PUNCT , _ 23 punct _ _ 23 line line NOUN NN Number=Sing 19 conj _ _ 24 by by ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 25 line line NOUN NN Number=Sing 23 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 27 punct _ _ 27 here here ADV RB PronType=Dem 29 advmod _ _ 28 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 29 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 11 advmod _ _ 30 , , PUNCT , _ 31 punct _ _ 31 there there ADV RB PronType=Dem 29 advmod _ _ 32 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 little little ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 31 obl:unmarked _ _ 34 ; ; PUNCT : _ 38 punct _ _ 35 that that SCONJ IN _ 38 mark _ _ 36 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 nsubj _ _ 37 may may AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 go go VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 and and CCONJ CC _ 41 cc _ _ 41 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 38 conj _ _ 42 backward backward ADV RB _ 41 advmod _ _ 43 , , PUNCT , _ 46 punct _ _ 44 and and CCONJ CC _ 46 cc _ _ 45 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 46 aux:pass _ _ 46 broken break VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 38 conj _ _ 47 , , PUNCT , _ 49 punct _ _ 48 and and CCONJ CC _ 49 cc _ _ 49 snared snare VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 46 conj _ _ 50 , , PUNCT , _ 52 punct _ _ 51 and and CCONJ CC _ 52 cc _ _ 52 taken take VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 46 conj _ _ 53 . . PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is a** | present | the word of the LORD | precept | | | | unto rest; by precept | tree rules | | 2 | **go** | may | rest | | | | | | vn disappearance-48.2-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 3 | **fall** | infinitive | rest *not said here* | | | | | backward *property* | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 4 | **break** | infinitive · passive | rest *not said here* | | | | | | vn hurt-40.8.3-1-1 «NP V» | | 5 | **snare** | participle | rest *not said here* | | | | | | vn pocket-9.10 «NP V NP.theme»: agent=Agent | | 6 | **take** | participle | rest *not said here* | | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent | | 7 | **word** | | | the LORD | | | | | nom word «communication transitive»: of=patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְהָיָ֨ה לָהֶ֜ם דְּבַר־יְהוָ֗ה צַ֣ו לָצָ֞ו צַ֤ו לָצָו֙ קַ֤ו לָקָו֙ קַ֣ו לָקָ֔ו זְעֵ֥יר שָׁ֖ם זְעֵ֣יר שָׁ֑ם לְמַ֨עַן יֵלְכ֜וּ וְכָשְׁל֤וּ אָחוֹר֙ וְנִשְׁבָּ֔רוּ וְנוֹקְשׁ֖וּ וְנִלְכָּֽדוּ׃פ [Isaiah 28:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:573` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 28:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.572/) - next →: [Isaiah 28:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.574/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 28:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.13/)