--- title: Isaiah 28:15 (JPS 1917) — Because ye have said: 'We have made a covenant with death, and with… · tree and pragmatics description: Because ye have said: 'We have made a covenant with death, and with the nether-world are we at agreement; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us; for we have made lies our refuge, and in falsehood have we hid ourselves'; Who acts: ye, We, scouring scourge, scourge. I --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.575/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 28](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/28/) / [28:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.15/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 28:15 · JPS 1917 Because ye have said: 'We have made a covenant with death, and with the nether-world are we at agreement; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us; for we have made lies our refuge, and in falsehood have we hid ourselves'; **Who acts:** ye, We, scouring scourge, scourge · **What happens:** say, make, be, pass through, not come, hide · **To what, where:** covenant, agreement, lies, ourselves, falsehood · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Isaiah 28:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (ye, We, scouring scourge, scourge), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:575 # text = Because ye have said: 'We have made a covenant with death, and with the nether-world are we at agreement; when the scouring scourge shall pass through, it shall not come unto us; for we have made lies our refuge, and in falsehood have we hid ourselves'; 1 Because because SCONJ IN _ 4 mark _ _ 2 ye ye PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 4 nsubj _ _ 3 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 4 said say VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 0 root _ _ 5 : : PUNCT : _ 9 punct _ _ 6 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 9 punct _ _ 7 We we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 9 nsubj _ _ 8 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 9 aux _ _ 9 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 4 ccomp _ _ 10 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 11 det _ _ 11 covenant covenant NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 obj _ _ 12 with with ADP IN _ 13 case _ _ 13 death death NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nmod _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 24 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 24 cc _ _ 16 with with ADP IN _ 20 case _ _ 17 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 20 det _ _ 18 nether nether NOUN NN Number=Sing 20 compound _ _ 19 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 18 punct _ _ 20 world world NOUN NN Number=Sing 24 obl _ _ 21 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 24 cop _ _ 22 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 23 at at ADP IN _ 24 case _ _ 24 agreement agreement NOUN NN Number=Sing 9 conj _ _ 25 ; ; PUNCT : _ 37 punct _ _ 26 when when SCONJ WRB _ 31 mark _ _ 27 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 29 det _ _ 28 scouring scouring ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 29 amod _ _ 29 scourge scourge NOUN NN Number=Sing 31 nsubj _ _ 30 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 31 aux _ _ 31 pass pass VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 37 advcl _ _ 32 through through ADV RB _ 31 advmod _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 34 it it PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 37 nsubj _ _ 35 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 37 aux _ _ 36 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 37 advmod _ _ 37 come come VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 9 conj _ _ 38 unto unto ADP IN _ 39 case _ _ 39 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 37 obl _ _ 40 ; ; PUNCT : _ 44 punct _ _ 41 for for SCONJ IN _ 44 mark _ _ 42 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 44 nsubj _ _ 43 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 44 aux _ _ 44 made make VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 37 advcl _ _ 45 lies lie NOUN NNS Number=Plur 44 obj _ _ 46 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 47 nmod:poss _ _ 47 refuge refuge NOUN NN Number=Sing 44 xcomp _ _ 48 , , PUNCT , _ 54 punct _ _ 49 and and CCONJ CC _ 54 cc _ _ 50 in in ADP IN _ 51 case _ _ 51 falsehood falsehood NOUN NN Number=Sing 54 obl _ _ 52 have have AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 54 aux _ _ 53 we we PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 54 nsubj _ _ 54 hid hide VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 44 conj _ _ 55 ourselves ourselves PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 54 obj _ _ 56 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 54 punct _ _ 57 ; ; PUNCT : _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present · perfect | ye | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **make** | present · perfect | We | a covenant | | | | with death | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent covenant=Product | | 3 | **is** | present | we | | | agreement | | with the nether world | tree rules | | 4 | **pass through** | shall | the scouring scourge | | | | | through *property* | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 5 | **not** **come** | shall | scourge | | | | | unto us | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 6 | **make** | present · perfect | we | lies | | | | | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent lie=Product | | 7 | **hide** | present · perfect | we | ourselves | | falsehood | | | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent ourselves=Patient in falsehood=Location | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} כִּ֣י אֲמַרְתֶּ֗ם כָּרַ֤תְנֽוּ בְרִית֙ אֶת־מָ֔וֶת וְעִם־שְׁא֖וֹל עָשִׂ֣ינוּ חֹזֶ֑ה שׁ֣וֹט שׁוֹטֵ֤ף כִּֽי־יַֽעֲבֹר֙ לֹ֣א יְבוֹאֵ֔נוּ כִּ֣י שַׂ֧מְנוּ כָזָ֛ב מַחְסֵ֖נוּ וּבַשֶּׁ֥קֶר נִסְתָּֽרְנוּ׃ס [Isaiah 28:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.15/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:575` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 28:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.574/) - next →: [Isaiah 28:16 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.576/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 28:15](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.15/)