---
title: Isaiah 28:16 (JPS 1917) — Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a found… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly corner-stone of sure foundation; he that believeth shall not make haste. Who acts: Lord GOD, I, GOD. Isaiah 28:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 28:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly corner-stone of sure foundation; he that believeth shall not make haste.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** Lord GOD, I, GOD · **What happens:** say, lay, try, believe, not make · **To what, where:** stone, Zion, haste · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 28:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lord GOD, I, GOD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:576
# text = Therefore thus saith the Lord GOD: Behold, I lay in Zion for a foundation a stone, a tried stone, a costly corner-stone of sure foundation; he that believeth shall not make haste.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	Lord	Lord	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	compound	_	_
6	GOD	GOD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
7	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	11	punct	_	_
8	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	11	discourse	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	lay	lay	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	parataxis	_	_
12	in	in	ADP	IN	_	13	case	_	_
13	Zion	Zion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	16	case	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obl	_	_
17	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
18	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	22	det	_	_
21	tried	try	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	22	amod	_	_
22	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
24	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
25	costly	costly	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	28	amod	_	_
26	corner	corner	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	compound	_	_
27	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	26	punct	_	_
28	stone	stone	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	appos	_	_
29	of	of	ADP	IN	_	31	case	_	_
30	sure	sure	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	31	amod	_	_
31	foundation	foundation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	nmod	_	_
32	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	38	punct	_	_
33	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	38	nsubj	_	_
34	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	35	nsubj	_	_
35	believeth	believe	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	33	acl:relcl	_	_
36	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
37	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
38	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
39	haste	haste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obj	_	_
40	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the Lord GOD |  |  |  |  | therefore, thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **lay** | past | I | a stone and a tried stone |  | Zion |  | for a foundation | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent stone=Result for foundation=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **try** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **believe** | present |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V that S»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **not** **make** | shall | GOD | haste |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent haste=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
לָכֵ֗ן כֹּ֤ה אָמַר֙ אֲדֹנָ֣י יְהוִ֔ה הִנְנִ֛י יִסַּ֥ד בְּצִיּ֖וֹן אָ֑בֶן אֶ֣בֶן בֹּ֜חַן פִּנַּ֤ת יִקְרַת֙ מוּסָ֣ד מוּסָּ֔ד הַֽמַּאֲמִ֖ין לֹ֥א יָחִֽישׁ׃

[Isaiah 28:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.28.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:576` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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