---
title: Isaiah 29:1 (JPS 1917) — Ah, Ariel, Ariel, the city where David encamped! · tree and pragmatics
description: Ah, Ariel, Ariel, the city where David encamped! Who acts: David. Isaiah 29:1 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 29:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Ah, Ariel, Ariel, the city where David encamped!

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**Who acts:** David · **What happens:** encamp

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This is Isaiah 29:1 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (David), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:591
# text = Ah, Ariel, Ariel, the city where David encamped!
1	Ah	ah	INTJ	UH	_	3	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	Ariel	Ariel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	5	punct	_	_
5	Ariel	Ariel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	conj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	city	city	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	appos	_	_
9	where	where	ADV	WRB	PronType=Rel	11	advmod	_	_
10	David	David	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
11	encamped	encamp	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	8	acl:relcl	_	_
12	!	!	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: exclamation
- act: express
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **encamp** | past | David |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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ה֚וֹי אֲרִיאֵ֣ל אֲרִיאֵ֔ל קִרְיַ֖ת חָנָ֣ה דָוִ֑ד סְפ֥וּ שָׁנָ֛ה עַל־שָׁנָ֖ה חַגִּ֥ים יִנְקֹֽפוּ׃

[Isaiah 29:1: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.29.1/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Ah, Ariel, Ariel, the city where David encamped!**
2. [Add ye year to year, let the feasts come round!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.592/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:591` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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