---
title: Isaiah 3:9 (JPS 1917) — The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they de… · tree and pragmatics
description: The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not. Who acts: show, people. Isaiah 3:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 3:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not.

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**Who acts:** show, people · **What happens:** witness, declare, not hide, show · **To what, where:** sin, countenance

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This is Isaiah 3:9 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (show, people), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:63
# text = The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not.
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	2	det	_	_
2	show	show	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
3	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
4	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	5	nmod:poss	_	_
5	countenance	countenance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	2	nmod	_	_
6	doth	do	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	witness	witness	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
8	against	against	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	13	cc	_	_
12	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
13	declare	declare	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	15	nmod:poss	_	_
15	sin	sin	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	13	obj	_	_
16	as	as	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Sodom	Sodom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	hide	hide	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	conj	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	20	advmod	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	7	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **witness** | present · do-support | the show of people's countenance |  |  |  |  | against people | vn captain-29.8-1 «NP V PP.beneficiary»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **declare** *speech: other* | present | people | people's sin |  |  |  | as Sodom | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent sin=Theme as sodom=Attribute |
| 3 | **not** **hide** | present | people | sin |  |  |  |  | vn concealment-16-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 4 | **show** |  |  | people's countenance |  |  |  |  | nom show «act transitive»: of=patient |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הַכָּרַ֤ת פְּנֵיהֶם֙ עָ֣נְתָה בָּ֔ם וְחַטָּאתָ֛ם כִּסְדֹ֥ם הִגִּ֖ידוּ לֹ֣א כִחֵ֑דוּ א֣וֹי לְנַפְשָׁ֔ם כִּֽי־גָמְל֥וּ לָהֶ֖ם רָעָֽה׃

[Isaiah 3:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.3.9/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **The show of their countenance doth witness against them; and they declare their sin as Sodom, they hide it not.**
2. [Woe unto their soul! for they have wrought evil unto themselves.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.64/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:63` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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