---
title: Isaiah 31:4 (JPS 1917) — For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion… · tree and pragmatics
description: For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion, growling over his prey, though a multitude of shepherds be called forth against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them; so will the LORD of hosts come down to fight upon mount Zion, and u
---

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# Isaiah 31:4 · JPS 1917

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For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion, growling over his prey, though a multitude of shepherds be called forth against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them; so will the LORD of hosts come down to fight upon mount Zion, and upon the hill thereof.

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**Who acts:** LORD, young lion, shepherds · **What happens:** say, growl, call, not dismay, abase, come down · **To what, where:** prey, multitude, voice, LORD · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 31:4 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, young lion, shepherds), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:655
# text = For thus saith the LORD unto me: Like as the lion, or the young lion, growling over his prey, though a multitude of shepherds be called forth against him, will not be dismayed at their voice, nor abase himself for the noise of them; so will the LORD of hosts come down to fight upon mount Zion, and upon the hill thereof.
1	For	for	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	3	advmod	_	_
3	saith	say	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nsubj	_	_
6	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	me	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
8	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	12	punct	_	_
9	Like	like	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
10	as	as	ADP	IN	_	9	fixed	_	_
11	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	12	det	_	_
12	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
13	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	17	punct	_	_
14	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	17	cc	_	_
15	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	17	det	_	_
16	young	young	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	lion	lion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	12	conj	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
19	growling	growl	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	17	acl	_	_
20	over	over	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
21	his	his	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	22	nmod:poss	_	_
22	prey	prey	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	19	obl	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
24	though	though	SCONJ	IN	_	30	mark	_	_
25	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	multitude	multitude	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	30	nsubj:pass	_	_
27	of	of	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	shepherds	shepherd	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	26	nmod	_	_
29	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	30	aux:pass	_	_
30	called	call	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	38	advcl	_	_
31	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	30	advmod	_	_
32	against	against	ADP	IN	_	33	case	_	_
33	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	30	obl	_	_
34	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
35	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	38	aux	_	_
36	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	38	advmod	_	_
37	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	aux:pass	_	_
38	dismayed	dismay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	parataxis	_	_
39	at	at	ADP	IN	_	41	case	_	_
40	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	41	nmod:poss	_	_
41	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	38	obl	_	_
42	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	44	punct	_	_
43	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	44	cc	_	_
44	abase	abase	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	38	conj	_	_
45	himself	himself	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes	44	obj	_	_
46	for	for	ADP	IN	_	48	case	_	_
47	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	48	det	_	_
48	noise	noise	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	44	obl	_	_
49	of	of	ADP	IN	_	50	case	_	_
50	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	48	nmod	_	_
51	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	58	punct	_	_
52	so	so	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	_
53	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	58	aux	_	_
54	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	55	det	_	_
55	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	58	nsubj	_	_
56	of	of	ADP	IN	_	57	case	_	_
57	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	55	nmod	_	_
58	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	parataxis	_	_
59	down	down	ADV	RB	_	58	advmod	_	_
60	to	to	PART	TO	_	61	mark	_	_
61	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	58	advcl	_	_
62	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	63	case	_	_
63	mount	mount	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	61	obl	_	_
64	Zion	zion	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	63	flat	_	_
65	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	69	punct	_	_
66	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	69	cc	_	_
67	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	69	case	_	_
68	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	69	det	_	_
69	hill	hill	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	63	conj	_	_
70	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	69	advmod	_	_
71	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | present | the LORD |  |  |  |  | unto me; thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 2 | **growl** | gerund | the young lion *not said here* |  |  | LORD's prey |  |  | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme over prey=Location |
| 3 | **call** | infinitive · passive |  | a multitude of shepherds |  |  |  | against LORD; forth *property* | vn initiate\_communication-37.4.2-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: subject=Recipient |
| 4 | **not** **dismay** | future · passive |  |  |  | shepherds's voice |  | like the lion or the young lion | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V ADV-Middle» |
| 5 | **abase** | infinitive |  | LORD |  |  |  | for the noise of shepherds | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent himself=Patient |
| 6 | **come down** | future | the LORD of hosts |  |  |  |  | down *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **fight** | to-infinitive | the LORD of hosts *not said here* |  |  |  |  | upon mount and the hill | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 8 | **noise** |  | shepherds *= shepherd* |  |  |  |  |  | nom noise «event intransitive»: of=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כִּ֣י כֹ֣ה אָֽמַר־יְהוָ֣ה ׀ אֵלַ֡י כַּאֲשֶׁ֣ר יֶהְגֶּה֩ הָאַרְיֵ֨ה וְהַכְּפִ֜יר עַל־טַרְפּ֗וֹ אֲשֶׁ֨ר יִקָּרֵ֤א עָלָיו֙ מְלֹ֣א רֹעִ֔ים מִקּוֹלָם֙ לֹ֣א יֵחָ֔ת וּמֵֽהֲמוֹנָ֖ם לֹ֣א יַֽעֲנֶ֑ה כֵּ֗ן יֵרֵד֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת לִצְבֹּ֥א עַל־הַר־צִיּ֖וֹן וְעַל־גִּבְעָתָֽהּ׃

[Isaiah 31:4: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.4/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:655` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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