---
title: Isaiah 31:5 (JPS 1917) — As birds hovering, so will the LORD of hosts protect Jerusalem; He w… · tree and pragmatics
description: As birds hovering, so will the LORD of hosts protect Jerusalem; He will deliver it as He protecteth it, He will rescue it as He passeth over. Who acts: birds, LORD. Isaiah 31:5 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 31:5 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
As birds hovering, so will the LORD of hosts protect Jerusalem; He will deliver it as He protecteth it, He will rescue it as He passeth over.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** birds, LORD · **What happens:** hover, protect, deliver, rescue, pass over · **To what, where:** Jerusalem, multitude

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 31:5 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (birds, LORD), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:656
# text = As birds hovering, so will the LORD of hosts protect Jerusalem; He will deliver it as He protecteth it, He will rescue it as He passeth over.
1	As	as	SCONJ	IN	_	3	mark	_	_
2	birds	bird	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nsubj	_	_
3	hovering	hover	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	11	advcl	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
5	so	so	ADV	RB	_	11	advmod	_	_
6	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
7	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	8	det	_	_
8	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	nsubj	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	8	nmod	_	_
11	protect	protect	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
12	Jerusalem	Jerusalem	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	11	obj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
14	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	nsubj	_	_
15	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	16	aux	_	_
16	deliver	deliver	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
17	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	16	obj	_	_
18	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
19	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
20	protecteth	protect	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	advcl	_	_
21	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	obj	_	_
22	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
23	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
24	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	25	aux	_	_
25	rescue	rescue	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	parataxis	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	as	as	SCONJ	IN	_	29	mark	_	_
28	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	passeth	pass	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	25	advcl	_	_
30	over	over	ADP	RP	_	29	compound:prt	_	_
31	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hover** | gerund | birds |  |  |  |  |  | vn modes\_of\_being\_with\_motion-47.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **protect** | future | the LORD of hosts |  | Jerusalem |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent jerusalem=Beneficiary |
| 3 | **deliver** | future | LORD | multitude |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient |
| 4 | **protect** | present | LORD | multitude |  |  |  |  | vn defend-72.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Beneficiary |
| 5 | **rescue** | future | LORD | multitude |  |  |  |  | vn steal-10.5 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Theme |
| 6 | **pass over** | present | LORD |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
כְּצִפֳּרִ֣ים עָפ֔וֹת כֵּ֗ן יָגֵ֛ן יְהוָ֥ה צְבָא֖וֹת עַל־יְרֽוּשָׁלִָ֑ם גָּנ֥וֹן וְהִצִּ֖יל פָּסֹ֥חַ וְהִמְלִֽיט׃

[Isaiah 31:5: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.5/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:656` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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