--- title: Isaiah 31:8 (JPS 1917) — Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, no… · tree and pragmatics description: Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, not of men, shall devour him; and he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall become tributary. Who acts: Asshur, sword, young men. Isaiah 31:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.659/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 31](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/31/) / [31:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.8/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 31:8 · JPS 1917 Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, not of men, shall devour him; and he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall become tributary. **Who acts:** Asshur, sword, young men · **What happens:** fall, devour, flee, become · **To what, where:** Asshur, sword This is Isaiah 31:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Asshur, sword, young men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:659 # text = Then shall Asshur fall with the sword, not of man, and the sword, not of men, shall devour him; and he shall flee from the sword, and his young men shall become tributary. 1 Then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 4 advmod _ _ 2 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 4 aux _ _ 3 Asshur Asshur PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 nsubj _ _ 4 fall fall VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 0 root _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 7 case _ _ 6 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 7 det _ _ 7 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 4 obl _ _ 8 , , PUNCT , _ 11 punct _ _ 9 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 11 advmod _ _ 10 of of ADP IN _ 11 case _ _ 11 man man NOUN NN Number=Sing 7 nmod _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 13 and and CCONJ CC _ 22 cc _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nsubj _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 19 advmod _ _ 18 of of ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 15 nmod _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 15 punct _ _ 21 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 22 aux _ _ 22 devour devour VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 23 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 22 obj _ _ 24 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 25 and and CCONJ CC _ 28 cc _ _ 26 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 27 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 28 aux _ _ 28 flee flee VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 4 conj _ _ 29 from from ADP IN _ 31 case _ _ 30 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 31 det _ _ 31 sword sword NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obl _ _ 32 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 33 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 34 his his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 36 nmod:poss _ _ 35 young young ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 36 amod _ _ 36 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 37 shall shall AUX MD VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 become become VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 conj _ _ 39 tributary tributary ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 38 xcomp _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 4 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: narrate - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: changed polarity=none | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **fall** | shall | Asshur | | | | then | with the sword of man | vn occur-48.3 «NP V»: agent=Theme | | 2 | **devour** | shall | the sword of men | Asshur | | | | | vn devour-39.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent he=Patient | | 3 | **flee** | shall | sword | | | the sword | | | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme from sword=Initial\_Location | | 4 | **become** | shall | sword's young men | | | | | tributary *property* | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וְנָפַ֤ל אַשּׁוּר֙ בְּחֶ֣רֶב לֹא־אִ֔ישׁ וְחֶ֥רֶב לֹֽא־אָדָ֖ם תֹּֽאכֲלֶ֑נּוּ וְנָ֥ס לוֹ֙ מִפְּנֵי־חֶ֔רֶב וּבַחוּרָ֖יו לָמַ֥ס יִהְיֽוּ׃ [Isaiah 31:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.8/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:659` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 31:7 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.658/) - next →: [Isaiah 31:9 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.660/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 31:8](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.31.8/)