---
title: Isaiah 32:15 (JPS 1917) — Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness… · tree and pragmatics
description: Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest. Who acts: wilderness. Isaiah 32:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 32:15 · JPS 1917

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Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest.

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**Who acts:** wilderness · **What happens:** pour, become, count · **To what, where:** spirit, high, fruitful field

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This is Isaiah 32:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (wilderness), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:675
# text = Until the spirit be poured upon us from on high, and the wilderness become a fruitful field, and the fruitful field be counted for a forest.
1	Until	until	SCONJ	IN	_	5	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	spirit	spirit	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	aux:pass	_	_
5	poured	pour	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
6	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
7	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	obl	_	_
8	from	from	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	on	on	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	high	high	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	5	obl	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	15	punct	_	_
12	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	15	cc	_	_
13	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	14	det	_	_
14	wilderness	wilderness	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	become	become	VERB	VBP	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
16	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	18	det	_	_
17	fruitful	fruitful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	18	amod	_	_
18	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	xcomp	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
21	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	23	det	_	_
22	fruitful	fruitful	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	23	amod	_	_
23	field	field	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	nsubj:pass	_	_
24	be	be	AUX	VB	Mood=Sub|VerbForm=Fin	25	aux:pass	_	_
25	counted	count	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	15	conj	_	_
26	for	for	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
27	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	28	det	_	_
28	forest	forest	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: other
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=other

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **pour** | infinitive · passive |  | the spirit |  | high |  | upon us | vn pour-9.5 «NP V NP PP.initial\_location PP.destination»: subject=Theme from high=Initial\_Location |
| 2 | **become** | present | the wilderness | a fruitful field |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1-1-1 «NP V PP.attribute»: agent=Patient |
| 3 | **count** | infinitive · passive |  | the fruitful field |  |  |  | for a forest | vn multiply-108 «NP V NP»: subject=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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עַד־יֵ֨עָרֶ֥ה עָלֵ֛ינוּ ר֖וּחַ מִמָּר֑וֹם וְהָיָ֤ה מִדְבָּר֙ לַכַּרְמֶ֔ל וְהַכַּרְמֶ֖ל לַיַּ֥עַר יֵחָשֵֽׁב׃

[Isaiah 32:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.32.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:675` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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