--- title: Isaiah 36:12 (JPS 1917) — But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to t… · tree and pragmatics description: But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' Who acts: Rab shakeh, master, shakeh, men. Isaiah 36:12 in JPS 1917 with its dependency --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.749/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 36](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/36/) / [36:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.12/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 36:12 · JPS 1917 But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' **Who acts:** Rab shakeh, master, shakeh, men · **What happens:** say, send, speak, not send, sit, eat · **To what, where:** me, master, words, men, wall, own dung · **Speech:** someone speaks here This is Isaiah 36:12 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rab shakeh, master, shakeh, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:749 # text = But Rab-shakeh said: 'Hath my master sent me to thy master, and to thee, to speak these words? hath he not sent me to the men that sit upon the wall, to eat their own dung, and to drink their own water with you?' 1 But but CCONJ CC _ 5 cc _ _ 2 Rab Rab PROPN NNP Number=Sing 4 compound _ _ 3 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 4 punct _ _ 4 shakeh Rab-shakeh PROPN NNP Number=Sing 5 nsubj _ _ 5 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 11 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 11 punct _ _ 8 Hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 11 aux _ _ 9 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 10 nmod:poss _ _ 10 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 nsubj _ _ 11 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 5 ccomp _ _ 12 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 11 obj _ _ 13 to to ADP IN _ 15 case _ _ 14 thy thy PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 15 nmod:poss _ _ 15 master master NOUN NN Number=Sing 11 obl _ _ 16 , , PUNCT , _ 19 punct _ _ 17 and and CCONJ CC _ 19 cc _ _ 18 to to ADP IN _ 19 case _ _ 19 thee thou PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch 15 conj _ _ 20 , , PUNCT , _ 22 punct _ _ 21 to to PART TO _ 22 mark _ _ 22 speak speak VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 11 advcl _ _ 23 these this DET DT Number=Plur|PronType=Dem 24 det _ _ 24 words word NOUN NNS Number=Plur 22 obj _ _ 25 ? ? PUNCT . _ 11 punct _ _ 26 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 29 aux _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 29 nsubj _ _ 28 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 29 advmod _ _ 29 sent send VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 11 conj _ _ 30 me I PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs 29 obj _ _ 31 to to ADP IN _ 33 case _ _ 32 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 33 det _ _ 33 men man NOUN NNS Number=Plur 29 obl _ _ 34 that that PRON WDT PronType=Rel 35 nsubj _ _ 35 sit sit VERB VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 33 acl:relcl _ _ 36 upon upon ADP IN _ 38 case _ _ 37 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 38 det _ _ 38 wall wall NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 obl _ _ 39 , , PUNCT , _ 41 punct _ _ 40 to to PART TO _ 41 mark _ _ 41 eat eat VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 29 advcl _ _ 42 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 44 nmod:poss _ _ 43 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 44 amod _ _ 44 dung dung NOUN NN Number=Sing 41 obj _ _ 45 , , PUNCT , _ 48 punct _ _ 46 and and CCONJ CC _ 48 cc _ _ 47 to to PART TO _ 48 mark _ _ 48 drink drink VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 41 conj _ _ 49 their their PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 51 nmod:poss _ _ 50 own own ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 51 amod _ _ 51 water water NOUN NN Number=Sing 48 obj _ _ 52 with with ADP IN _ 53 case _ _ 53 you you PRON PRP Case=Acc|Person=2|PronType=Prs 48 obl _ _ 54 ? ? PUNCT . _ 29 punct _ _ 55 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 29 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: ask - voice: character - polarity: none - indirect: yes - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Rab shakeh | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **send** | present · perfect | my master | me | | thy master | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme to master=Destination | | 3 | **speak** *speech: other* | to-infinitive | my master *not said here* | this words | | | | | tree rules | | 4 | **not** **send** | present · perfect | shakeh *= rab-shakeh* | me | the men | | | | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent i=Theme to man=Destination | | 5 | **sit** | present | the men | | | the wall | | | vn assuming\_position-50 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Agent upon wall=Location | | 6 | **eat** | to-infinitive | shakeh *= rab-shakeh* *not said here* | words's own dung | | | | | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent dung=Patient | | 7 | **drink** | to-infinitive | shakeh *= rab-shakeh* *not said here* | words's own water | | | | with you | vn eat-39.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent water=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֣אמֶר רַב־שָׁקֵ֗ה הַאֶ֨ל אֲדֹנֶ֤יךָ וְאֵלֶ֙יךָ֙ שְׁלָחַ֣נִי אֲדֹנִ֔י לְדַבֵּ֖ר אֶת־הַדְּבָרִ֣ים הָאֵ֑לֶּה הֲלֹ֣א עַל־הָאֲנָשִׁ֗ים הַיֹּֽשְׁבִים֙ עַל־הַ֣חוֹמָ֔ה לֶאֱכֹ֣ל אֶת־צוֹאָתָ֗ם וְלִשְׁתּ֛וֹת אֶת־מֵימֵ֥י רַגְלֵיהֶ֖ם עִמָּכֶֽם׃ [Isaiah 36:12: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.12/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:749` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 36:11 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.748/) - next →: [Isaiah 36:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.750/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 36:12](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.36.12/)