---
title: Isaiah 37:3 (JPS 1917) — And they said unto him: 'Thus saith Hezekiah: This day is a day of t… · tree and pragmatics
description: And they said unto him: 'Thus saith Hezekiah: This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of contumely; for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth. Who acts: Eliakim, Hezekiah, day, children. Isaiah 37:3 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmati
---

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# Isaiah 37:3 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And they said unto him: 'Thus saith Hezekiah: This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of contumely; for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth.

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**Who acts:** Eliakim, Hezekiah, day, children, strength · **What happens:** say, be, come, not be, bring · **To what, where:** day, birth · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 37:3 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Eliakim, Hezekiah, day, children), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:763
# text = And they said unto him: 'Thus saith Hezekiah: This day is a day of trouble, and of rebuke, and of contumely; for the children are come to the birth, and there is not strength to bring forth.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	said	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	him	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	obl	_	_
6	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	9	punct	_	_
7	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	9	punct	_	_
8	Thus	thus	ADV	RB	_	9	advmod	_	_
9	saith	say	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	ccomp	_	_
10	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
11	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	16	punct	_	_
12	This	this	DET	DT	Number=Sing|PronType=Dem	13	det	_	_
13	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nsubj	_	_
14	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	16	cop	_	_
15	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	16	det	_	_
16	day	day	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	ccomp	_	_
17	of	of	ADP	IN	_	18	case	_	_
18	trouble	trouble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	16	nmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	rebuke	rebuke	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
24	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	26	cc	_	_
25	of	of	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	contumely	contumely	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	32	punct	_	_
28	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	32	nsubj	_	_
31	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
32	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	16	parataxis	_	_
33	to	to	ADP	IN	_	35	case	_	_
34	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	35	det	_	_
35	birth	birth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	32	obl	_	_
36	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	39	punct	_	_
37	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	39	cc	_	_
38	there	there	PRON	EX	PronType=Dem	39	expl	_	_
39	is	be	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	32	conj	_	_
40	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	39	advmod	_	_
41	strength	strength	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	39	nsubj	_	_
42	to	to	PART	TO	_	43	mark	_	_
43	bring	bring	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	41	acl	_	_
44	forth	forth	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Eliakim |  |  |  |  | unto king | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Hezekiah |  |  |  |  | thus *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 3 | **is a** | present | this day | a day |  |  |  | of trouble and rebuke and contumely | tree rules |
| 4 | **come** | present · passive | the children |  |  | the birth |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V PP.initial\_location»: agent=Theme to birth=Initial\_Location |
| 5 | **not** **be** | present | strength |  |  | there |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 6 | **bring** | to-infinitive | strength *not said here* |  |  |  |  | forth *property* | vn bring-11.3-1 «NP V NP together»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיֹּאמְר֣וּ אֵלָ֗יו כֹּ֚ה אָמַ֣ר חִזְקִיָּ֔הוּ יוֹם־צָרָ֧ה וְתוֹכֵחָ֛ה וּנְאָצָ֖ה הַיּ֣וֹם הַזֶּ֑ה כִּ֣י בָ֤אוּ בָנִים֙ עַד־מַשְׁבֵּ֔ר וְכֹ֥חַ אַ֖יִן לְלֵדָֽה׃

[Isaiah 37:3: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.3/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:763` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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