---
title: Isaiah 37:8 (JPS 1917) — So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring agains… · tree and pragmatics
description: So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish. Who acts: Rab, king. Isaiah 37:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 37:8 · JPS 1917

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So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.

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**Who acts:** Rab, king · **What happens:** return, find, war, hear, depart · **To what, where:** king, Lachish · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 37:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Rab, king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:768
# text = So Rab-shakeh returned, and found the king of Assyria warring against Libnah; for he had heard that he was departed from Lachish.
1	So	so	ADV	RB	_	5	advmod	_	_
2	Rab	Rab	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
3	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	2	punct	_	_
4	shakeh	shakeh	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	2	flat	_	_
5	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	found	find	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	conj	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	of	of	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
12	Assyria	Assyria	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	10	nmod	_	_
13	warring	war	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Part	8	xcomp	_	_
14	against	against	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	Libnah	Libnah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	13	obl	_	_
16	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	20	punct	_	_
17	for	for	SCONJ	IN	_	20	mark	_	_
18	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
19	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
20	heard	hear	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	5	advcl	_	_
21	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	24	mark	_	_
22	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	24	nsubj:pass	_	_
23	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	24	aux:pass	_	_
24	departed	depart	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	20	ccomp	_	_
25	from	from	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
26	Lachish	Lachish	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	24	obl	_	_
27	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **return** | past | Rab |  |  |  |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 2 | **find** | past | Rab *not said here* | the king of Assyria |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Agent king=Attribute clause=Theme |
| 3 | **war** | gerund | the king of Assyria *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against Libnah | vn battle-36.4 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **hear** | past · perfect | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 5 | **depart** | past · passive |  | king |  | Lachish |  |  | vn escape-51.1-1-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Initial\_Location |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיָּ֙שָׁב֙ רַב־שָׁקֵ֔ה וַיִּמְצָא֙ אֶת־מֶ֣לֶךְ אַשּׁ֔וּר נִלְחָ֖ם עַל־לִבְנָ֑ה כִּ֣י שָׁמַ֔ע כִּ֥י נָסַ֖ע מִלָּכִֽישׁ׃

[Isaiah 37:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:768` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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