---
title: Isaiah 37:9 (JPS 1917) — And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia: 'He is come o… · tree and pragmatics
description: And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia: 'He is come out to fight against thee.' And when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying: Who acts: king. Isaiah 37:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 37:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia: 'He is come out to fight against thee.' And when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying:

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** king · **What happens:** hear, say, come out, fight, send · **To what, where:** rumour, messengers, Hezekiah · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 37:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (king), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:769
# text = And he heard say concerning Tirhakah king of Ethiopia: 'He is come out to fight against thee.' And when he heard it, he sent messengers to Hezekiah, saying:
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	3	cc	_	_
2	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nsubj	_	_
3	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
4	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	xcomp	_	_
5	concerning	concerning	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	Tirhakah	Tirhakah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	4	obl	_	_
7	king	king	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	appos	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	Ethiopia	Ethiopia	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	14	punct	_	_
11	'	'	PUNCT	``	_	14	punct	_	_
12	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	come	come	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	ccomp	_	_
15	out	out	ADP	RP	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	to	to	PART	TO	_	17	mark	_	_
17	fight	fight	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	14	advcl	_	_
18	against	against	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
19	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	obl	_	_
20	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	14	punct	_	_
21	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	14	punct	_	_
22	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	29	cc	_	_
23	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	25	mark	_	_
24	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	nsubj	_	_
25	heard	hear	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	29	advcl	_	_
26	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	25	obj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
28	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	29	nsubj	_	_
29	sent	send	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
30	messengers	messenger	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	29	obj	_	_
31	to	to	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	Hezekiah	Hezekiah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	29	obl	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
34	saying	say	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	29	advcl	_	_
35	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=narrate, voice=narrator

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **hear** | past | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S\_ING»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 2 | **say** *speech: assert* | infinitive | king *not said here* |  |  |  |  | concerning Tirhakah | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic |
| 3 | **come out** | present · passive | king |  |  |  |  |  | vn become-109.1 «NP V ADJ»: agent=Patient |
| 4 | **fight** | to-infinitive | king *not said here* |  |  |  |  | against thee | vn battle-36.4-1 «NP V»: agent=Agent |
| 5 | **hear** | past | king | rumour |  |  |  |  | vn see-30.1-1-1 «NP V S»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |
| 6 | **send** | past | king | messengers | Hezekiah |  |  |  | vn confine-92-1 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent messenger=Theme to hezekiah=Destination |
| 7 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | king *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַיִּשְׁמַ֗ע עַל־תִּרְהָ֤קָה מֶֽלֶךְ־כּוּשׁ֙ לֵאמֹ֔ר יָצָ֖א לְהִלָּחֵ֣ם אִתָּ֑ךְ וַיִּשְׁמַע֙ וַיִּשְׁלַ֣ח מַלְאָכִ֔ים אֶל־חִזְקִיָּ֖הוּ לֵאמֹֽר׃

[Isaiah 37:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:769` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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