---
title: Isaiah 37:23 (JPS 1917) — And against whom hast thou exalted thy voice? · tree and pragmatics
description: And against whom hast thou exalted thy voice? Who acts: thou. Isaiah 37:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 37:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3

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And against whom hast thou exalted thy voice?

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**Who acts:** thou · **What happens:** exalt · **To what, where:** voice

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This is Isaiah 37:23 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 3 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:784
# text = And against whom hast thou exalted thy voice?
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	against	against	ADP	IN	_	3	case	_	_
3	whom	whom	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	6	obl	_	_
4	hast	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=2|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	aux	_	_
5	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	6	nsubj	_	_
6	exalted	exalt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
7	thy	thy	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	voice	voice	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	obj	_	_
9	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **exalt** | present · perfect | thou | thy voice |  |  |  |  | vn admire-31.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer voice=Stimulus |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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אֶת־מִ֤י חֵרַ֙פְתָּ֙ וְגִדַּ֔פְתָּ וְעַל־מִ֖י הֲרִימ֣וֹתָה קּ֑וֹל וַתִּשָּׂ֥א מָר֛וֹם עֵינֶ֖יךָ אֶל־קְד֥וֹשׁ יִשְׂרָאֵֽל׃

[Isaiah 37:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.23/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. [Whom hast thou taunted and blasphemed?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.783/)
2. **And against whom hast thou exalted thy voice?**
3. [Yea, thou hast lifted up thine eyes on high, even against the Holy One of Israel!](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.785/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:784` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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