---
title: Isaiah 37:26 (JPS 1917) — Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brou… · tree and pragmatics
description: Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps. Who acts: I. Isaiah 37:26 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.789/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 37](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/37/) / [37:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.26/) / JPS 2

# Isaiah 37:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** make, fashion, bring, pass, do, fortify · **To what, where:** water, fortified cities, ruinous heaps

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 37:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 2 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:789
# text = Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.
1	Long	long	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	2	advmod	_	_
2	ago	ago	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
7	in	in	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	ancient	ancient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	9	amod	_	_
9	times	time	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obl	_	_
10	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
11	fashioned	fashion	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
12	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	obj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
14	now	now	ADV	RB	_	17	advmod	_	_
15	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
16	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	17	nsubj	_	_
17	brought	bring	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	parataxis	_	_
18	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	17	obj	_	_
19	to	to	PART	TO	_	20	mark	_	_
20	pass	pass	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	xcomp	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	26	discourse	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
24	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj:pass	_	_
25	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	aux:pass	_	_
26	done	do	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	17	parataxis	_	_
27	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	33	punct	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	33	mark	_	_
29	fortified	fortify	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	30	amod	_	_
30	cities	city	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	nsubj:pass	_	_
31	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	33	aux	_	_
32	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	33	aux:pass	_	_
33	laid	lay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	parataxis	_	_
34	waste	waste	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	xcomp	_	_
35	into	into	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
36	ruinous	ruinous	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	37	amod	_	_
37	heaps	heap	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	33	obl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | past | I | water |  |  |  | ago *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 2 | **fashion** | past | I | water |  |  | time |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Product |
| 3 | **bring** | present · perfect | I | water |  |  | now |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **pass** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn occur-48.3-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 5 | **do** | present · passive |  | water |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Eventuality |
| 6 | **fortify** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn equip-13.4.2-1-1 «NP.theme V NP»: agent=Theme |
| 7 | **lay** | should · passive |  | fortified cities |  | ruinous heaps |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: subject=Result |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הֲלֽוֹא־שָׁמַ֤עְתָּ לְמֵֽרָחוֹק֙ אוֹתָ֣הּ עָשִׂ֔יתִי מִ֥ימֵי קֶ֖דֶם וִיצַרְתִּ֑יהָ עַתָּ֣ה הֲבֵאתִ֔יהָ וּתְהִ֗י לְהַשְׁא֛וֹת גַּלִּ֥ים נִצִּ֖ים עָרִ֥ים בְּצֻרֽוֹת׃

[Isaiah 37:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.26/)

<!-- .note -->
This verse in JPS 1917:

<!-- .ens -->
1. [Hast thou not heard?](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.788/)
2. **Long ago I made it, in ancient times I fashioned it; now have I brought it to pass, yea, it is done; that fortified cities should be laid waste into ruinous heaps.**

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:789` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Isaiah 37:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.788/)
- next →: [Isaiah 37:27 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.790/)
- ↑ back to [Isaiah 37:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.37.26/)