---
title: Isaiah 38:8 (JPS 1917) — behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on t… · tree and pragmatics
description: behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on the sun-dial of Ahaz, to return backward ten degrees.' So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down. Who acts: I, sun, degrees. Isaiah 38:8 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause
---

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# Isaiah 38:8 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on the sun-dial of Ahaz, to return backward ten degrees.' So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, sun, degrees · **What happens:** cause, go down, return, shadow · **To what, where:** dial, sun dial, ten degrees, sun

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 38:8 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, sun, degrees), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:811
# text = behold, I will cause the shadow of the dial, which is gone down on the sun-dial of Ahaz, to return backward ten degrees.' So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.
1	behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	5	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	5	nsubj	_	_
4	will	will	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	5	aux	_	_
5	cause	cause	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	0	root	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	shadow	shadow	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	5	nsubj	_	_
8	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	dial	dial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	nmod	_	_
11	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
12	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	14	nsubj	_	_
13	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux:pass	_	_
14	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	10	acl:relcl	_	_
15	down	down	ADV	RB	_	14	advmod	_	_
16	on	on	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
17	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
18	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	compound	_	_
19	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	18	punct	_	_
20	dial	dial	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
21	of	of	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	Ahaz	Ahaz	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	20	nmod	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	to	to	PART	TO	_	25	mark	_	_
25	return	return	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	5	xcomp	_	_
26	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	25	advmod	_	_
27	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	28	nummod	_	_
28	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	obl:unmarked	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
30	'	'	PUNCT	''	_	5	punct	_	_
31	So	so	ADV	RB	_	34	advmod	_	_
32	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	33	det	_	_
33	sun	sun	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	34	nsubj	_	_
34	returned	return	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	5	parataxis	_	_
35	ten	ten	NUM	CD	NumForm=Word|NumType=Card	36	nummod	_	_
36	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	34	obj	_	_
37	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	43	punct	_	_
38	by	by	ADP	IN	_	40	case	_	_
39	which	which	DET	WDT	PronType=Int	40	det	_	_
40	degrees	degree	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	43	obl	_	_
41	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	43	nsubj	_	_
42	was	be	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	43	aux:pass	_	_
43	gone	go	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	36	acl:relcl	_	_
44	down	down	ADV	RB	_	43	advmod	_	_
45	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	5	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **cause** | future | I |  |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **go down** | present · passive |  | the dial |  | the sun dial of Ahaz |  | down *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **return** | to-infinitive | I *not said here* | ten degrees |  |  |  | backward *property* | vn escape-51.1-1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 4 | **return** | past | the sun | ten degrees |  |  |  |  | vn send-11.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent degree=Theme |
| 5 | **go down** | past · passive | which degrees | sun |  |  |  | down *property* | vn calibratable\_cos-45.6.1-1 «NP.patient V NP.extent PP.source PP.goal»: agent=Patient subject=Extent |
| 6 | **shadow** |  |  | the dial |  |  |  |  | nom shadow «state transitive»: of=patient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנְנִ֣י מֵשִׁ֣יב אֶת־צֵ֣ל הַֽמַּעֲל֡וֹת אֲשֶׁ֣ר יָרְדָה֩ בְמַעֲל֨וֹת אָחָ֥ז בַּשֶּׁ֛מֶשׁ אֲחֹרַנִּ֖ית עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֑וֹת וַתָּ֤שָׁב הַשֶּׁ֙מֶשׁ֙ עֶ֣שֶׂר מַעֲל֔וֹת בַּֽמַּעֲל֖וֹת אֲשֶׁ֥ר יָרָֽדָה׃ס

[Isaiah 38:8: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.38.8/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:811` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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