---
title: Isaiah 40:16 (JPS 1917) — And Lebanon is not sufficient fuel, nor the beasts thereof sufficien… · tree and pragmatics
description: And Lebanon is not sufficient fuel, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for burnt-offerings. Who acts: Lebanon, beasts. Isaiah 40:16 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 40:16 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And Lebanon is not sufficient fuel, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for burnt-offerings.

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**Who acts:** Lebanon, beasts · **What happens:** not be, be, burn · **To what, where:** sufficient fuel, burnt offerings

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This is Isaiah 40:16 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Lebanon, beasts), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:852
# text = And Lebanon is not sufficient fuel, nor the beasts thereof sufficient for burnt-offerings.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	Lebanon	Lebanon	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
3	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	6	cop	_	_
4	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	6	advmod	_	_
5	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	fuel	fuel	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
8	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	12	cc	_	_
9	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	beasts	beast	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	nsubj	_	_
11	thereof	thereof	ADV	RB	_	10	advmod	_	_
12	sufficient	sufficient	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	conj	_	_
13	for	for	ADP	IN	_	12	case	_	_
14	burnt	burn	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	16	amod	_	_
15	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	14	punct	_	_
16	offerings	offering	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	12	obl	_	_
17	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed voice=character

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **not** **is a** | present | Lebanon | sufficient fuel |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **be** |  | the beasts | burnt offerings |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **burn** | participle |  |  |  |  |  |  | vn light\_emission-43.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וּלְבָנ֕וֹן אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י בָּעֵ֑ר וְחַיָּת֔וֹ אֵ֥ין דֵּ֖י עוֹלָֽה׃ס

[Isaiah 40:16: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.16/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:852` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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