---
title: Isaiah 40:19 (JPS 1917) — The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsm… · tree and pragmatics
description: The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsmith spread over with gold, the silversmith casting silver chains? Who acts: craftsman, goldsmith, silversmith. Isaiah 40:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

<!-- md -->
[Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.856/)

<!-- crumbs -->
[home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 40](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/40/) / [40:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.19/) / JPS 1

# Isaiah 40:19 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsmith spread over with gold, the silversmith casting silver chains?

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** craftsman, goldsmith, silversmith · **What happens:** melt, spread over, casting · **To what, where:** image perchance, silver chains

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 40:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (craftsman, goldsmith, silversmith), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:856
# text = The image perchance, which the craftsman hath melted, and the goldsmith spread over with gold, the silversmith casting silver chains?
1	The	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
2	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	compound	_	_
3	perchance	perchance	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
4	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
5	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	9	obj	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	craftsman	craftsman	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	9	nsubj	_	_
8	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux	_	_
9	melted	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	3	acl:relcl	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
13	goldsmith	goldsmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
14	spread	spread	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	3	conj	_	_
15	over	over	ADV	RB	_	14	compound:prt	_	_
16	with	with	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	gold	gold	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	20	det	_	_
20	silversmith	silversmith	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	nsubj	_	_
21	casting	casting	VERB	VBG	Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part	20	acl	_	_
22	silver	silver	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	23	compound	_	_
23	chains	chain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	obj	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **melt** | present · perfect | the craftsman | the image perchance |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient which=Result |
| 2 | **spread over** | past | the goldsmith |  |  |  |  | with gold | vn appear-48.1.1 «NP V»: agent=Theme |
| 3 | **casting** | gerund | the silversmith *not said here* | silver chains |  |  |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הַפֶּ֙סֶל֙ נָסַ֣ךְ חָרָ֔שׁ וְצֹרֵ֖ף בַּזָּהָ֣ב יְרַקְּעֶ֑נּוּ וּרְתֻק֥וֹת כֶּ֖סֶף צוֹרֵֽף׃

[Isaiah 40:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.19/)

<!-- div src -->

**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:856` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

<!-- /div -->

<!-- pn -->
- ← previous: [Isaiah 40:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.855/)
- next →: [Isaiah 40:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.857/)
- ↑ back to [Isaiah 40:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.19/)