---
title: Isaiah 40:24 (JPS 1917) — Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their sto… · tree and pragmatics
description: Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble. Who acts: stock, judges, whirlwind. Isaiah 40:24 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every cla
---

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# Isaiah 40:24 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** stock, judges, whirlwind · **What happens:** plant, sow, take, blow, wither, take away · **To what, where:** judges, root, earth

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 40:24 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (stock, judges, whirlwind), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:863
# text = Scarce are they planted, scarce are they sown, scarce hath their stock taken root in the earth; when He bloweth upon them, they wither, and the whirlwind taketh them away as stubble.
1	Scarce	scarce	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	4	advmod	_	_
2	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux:pass	_	_
3	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj:pass	_	_
4	planted	plant	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	0	root	_	_
5	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	6	punct	_	_
6	scarce	scarce	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	9	advmod	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	9	aux:pass	_	_
8	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	9	nsubj:pass	_	_
9	sown	sow	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	4	conj	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	12	punct	_	_
11	scarce	scarce	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	12	advmod	_	_
12	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	aux	_	_
13	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	14	nmod:poss	_	_
14	stock	stock	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	nsubj	_	_
15	taken	take	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
16	root	root	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obj	_	_
17	in	in	ADP	IN	_	19	case	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	earth	earth	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	15	obl	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	28	punct	_	_
21	when	when	SCONJ	WRB	_	23	mark	_	_
22	He	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
23	bloweth	blow	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	advcl	_	_
24	upon	upon	ADP	IN	_	25	case	_	_
25	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	obl	_	_
26	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
27	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	28	nsubj	_	_
28	wither	wither	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	parataxis	_	_
29	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	33	punct	_	_
30	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	33	cc	_	_
31	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	32	det	_	_
32	whirlwind	whirlwind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	nsubj	_	_
33	taketh	take	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	28	conj	_	_
34	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	33	obj	_	_
35	away	away	ADV	RB	_	33	advmod	_	_
36	as	as	ADP	IN	_	37	case	_	_
37	stubble	stubble	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	33	obl	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **plant** | present · passive |  | judges *= judge* |  |  |  | scarce *property* | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: subject=Patient |
| 2 | **sow** | present · passive |  | judges *= judge* |  |  |  | scarce *property* | vn spray-9.7-1 «NP V NP.theme»: subject=Theme |
| 3 | **take** | present · perfect | judges's stock | root |  | the earth |  |  | vn fit-54.3 «NP V NP PP.location»: agent=Agent root=Value in earth=Location |
| 4 | **blow** | present | stock |  |  |  |  | upon judges *= judge* | vn split-23.2 «NP V apart»: agent=Patient |
| 5 | **wither** | present | judges *= judge* |  |  |  |  |  | vn entity\_specific\_cos-45.5 «NP.patient V»: agent=Patient |
| 6 | **take away** | present | the whirlwind | judges *= judge* |  |  |  | as stubble; away *property* | vn remove-10.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent they=Theme |
| 7 | **stock** |  | judges *= judge* |  |  |  |  |  | nom stock «possession transitive»: poss=agent |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
אַ֣ף בַּל־נִטָּ֗עוּ אַ֚ף בַּל־זֹרָ֔עוּ אַ֛ף בַּל־שֹׁרֵ֥שׁ בָּאָ֖רֶץ גִּזְעָ֑ם וְגַם־נָשַׁ֤ף בָּהֶם֙ וַיִּבָ֔שׁוּ וּסְעָרָ֖ה כַּקַּ֥שׁ תִּשָּׂאֵֽם׃ס

[Isaiah 40:24: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.24/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:863` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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