---
title: Isaiah 40:26 (JPS 1917) — Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these? · tree and pragmatics
description: Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these? Who acts: you. Isaiah 40:26 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 40:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these?

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**Who acts:** you · **What happens:** lift up, see, create · **To what, where:** eyes, these · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 40:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:865
# text = Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these?
1	Lift	lift	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	up	up	ADP	RP	_	1	compound:prt	_	_
3	your	your	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Person=2|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	4	nmod:poss	_	_
4	eyes	eye	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
5	on	on	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
6	high	high	ADV	RB	Degree=Pos	1	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	9	punct	_	_
8	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	9	cc	_	_
9	see	see	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	conj	_	_
10	:	:	PUNCT	:	_	13	punct	_	_
11	who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	13	nsubj	_	_
12	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	created	create	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	9	ccomp	_	_
14	these	this	PRON	DT	Number=Plur|PronType=Dem	13	obj	_	_
15	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=imp, act=request

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **lift up** | imperative | you *not said here* | your eyes |  |  |  |  | vn put\_direction-9.4 «NP V NP PP.destination»: agent=Agent eye=Theme on high=Destination |
| 2 | **see** | infinitive | you *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V how S\_INF»: agent=Experiencer clause=Stimulus |
| 3 | **create** | present · perfect |  | these |  |  |  |  | vn create-26.4 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent this=Result |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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שְׂאוּ־מָר֨וֹם עֵינֵיכֶ֤ם וּרְאוּ֙ מִי־בָרָ֣א אֵ֔לֶּה הַמּוֹצִ֥יא בְמִסְפָּ֖ר צְבָאָ֑ם לְכֻלָּם֙ בְּשֵׁ֣ם יִקְרָ֔א מֵרֹ֤ב אוֹנִים֙ וְאַמִּ֣יץ כֹּ֔חַ אִ֖ישׁ לֹ֥א נֶעְדָּֽר׃ס

[Isaiah 40:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.26/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Lift up your eyes on high, and see: who hath created these?**
2. [He that bringeth out their host by number, He calleth them all by name; by the greatness of His might, and for that He is strong in power, not one faileth.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.866/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:865` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Isaiah 40:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.864/)
- next →: [Isaiah 40:26 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.866/)
- ↑ back to [Isaiah 40:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.40.26/)