---
title: Isaiah 41:15 (JPS 1917) — Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff. Who acts: I, new threshing sledge, thou. Isaiah 41:15 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 41:15 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** I, new threshing sledge, thou · **What happens:** make, have, thresh, beat · **To what, where:** new threshing sledge, thee, sharp teeth, mountains, hills

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 41:15 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I, new threshing sledge, thou), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:890
# text = Behold, I make thee a new threshing-sledge having sharp teeth; thou shalt thresh the mountains, and beat them small, and shalt make the hills as chaff.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	4	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
4	make	make	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
5	thee	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	4	iobj	_	_
6	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
7	new	new	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	amod	_	_
8	threshing	threshing	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	compound	_	_
9	-	-	PUNCT	HYPH	_	8	punct	_	_
10	sledge	sledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	4	obj	_	_
11	having	have	VERB	VBG	VerbForm=Ger	10	acl	_	_
12	sharp	sharp	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	teeth	tooth	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	11	obj	_	_
14	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	17	punct	_	_
15	thou	thou	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	17	aux	_	_
17	thresh	thresh	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	4	parataxis	_	_
18	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	19	det	_	_
19	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	17	obj	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	22	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	22	cc	_	_
22	beat	beat	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
23	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	22	obj	_	_
24	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	22	xcomp	_	_
25	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	28	punct	_	_
26	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	28	cc	_	_
27	shalt	shall	AUX	MD	Style=Arch|VerbForm=Fin	28	aux	_	_
28	make	make	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	17	conj	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	hills	hill	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	28	obj	_	_
31	as	as	ADP	IN	_	32	case	_	_
32	chaff	chaff	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	28	obl	_	_
33	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: promise
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=promise

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **make** | present | I | a new threshing sledge | thee |  |  |  | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset thou=Beneficiary sledge=Product |
| 2 | **have** | gerund | a new threshing sledge *not said here* | sharp teeth |  |  |  |  | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tooth=Patient |
| 3 | **thresh** | shall | thou | the mountains |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 4 | **beat** | infinitive | thou *not said here* | mountains *= mountain* |  |  |  | small *property* | vn sound\_emission-43.2 «PP.location V NP»: agent=Location they=Theme |
| 5 | **make** | shall | thou *not said here* | the hills |  |  |  | as chaff | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset hill=Product |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הִנֵּ֣ה שַׂמְתִּ֗יךְ לְמוֹרַג֙ חָר֣וּץ חָדָ֔שׁ בַּ֖עַל פִּֽיפִיּ֑וֹת תָּד֤וּשׁ הָרִים֙ וְתָדֹ֔ק וּגְבָע֖וֹת כַּמֹּ֥ץ תָּשִֽׂים׃

[Isaiah 41:15: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.15/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:890` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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