---
title: Isaiah 41:23 (JPS 1917) — Declare the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that… · tree and pragmatics
description: Declare the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods; yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together. Who acts: you, things, we, ye. Isaiah 41:23 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 41:23 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
Declare the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods; yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** you, things, we, ye · **What happens:** declare, be, know, do, dismay, behold · **To what, where:** things, gods, good, evil, we, thing · **Speech:** someone speaks here

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 41:23 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (you, things, we, ye), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:899
# text = Declare the things that are to come hereafter, that we may know that ye are gods; yea, do good, or do evil, that we may be dismayed, and behold it together.
1	Declare	declare	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	1	obj	_	_
4	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	7	nsubj	_	_
5	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	7	cop	_	_
6	to	to	PART	TO	_	7	mark	_	_
7	come	come	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	acl:relcl	_	_
8	hereafter	hereafter	ADV	RB	_	7	advmod	_	_
9	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	13	punct	_	_
10	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	13	mark	_	_
11	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	13	nsubj	_	_
12	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	13	aux	_	_
13	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	1	advcl	_	_
14	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	17	mark	_	_
15	ye	ye	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=2|PronType=Prs|Style=Arch	17	nsubj	_	_
16	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=2|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	17	cop	_	_
17	gods	god	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	13	ccomp	_	_
18	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	21	punct	_	_
19	yea	yea	INTJ	UH	_	21	discourse	_	_
20	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
21	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	1	parataxis	_	_
22	good	good	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
23	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	25	punct	_	_
24	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
25	do	do	VERB	VB	Mood=Imp|VerbForm=Fin	21	conj	_	_
26	evil	evil	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	25	obj	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	32	punct	_	_
28	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	32	mark	_	_
29	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	32	nsubj:pass	_	_
30	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	32	aux	_	_
31	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	aux:pass	_	_
32	dismayed	dismay	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass	25	advcl	_	_
33	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	35	punct	_	_
34	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	35	cc	_	_
35	behold	behold	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	32	conj	_	_
36	it	it	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	obj	_	_
37	together	together	ADV	RB	_	35	advmod	_	_
38	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	1	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: command
- act: request
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- hedged: yes
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | imperative | you *not said here* | the things |  |  |  |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent thing=Attribute |
| 2 | **is** | present | the things | the things *not said here* |  |  |  | come, hereafter *property* | tree rules |
| 3 | **know** | may | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 4 | **is a** | present | ye | gods |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 5 | **do** | infinitive |  | good |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent good=Eventuality |
| 6 | **do** | infinitive |  | evil |  |  |  |  | vn act-114-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent evil=Eventuality |
| 7 | **dismay** | may · passive |  | we |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: subject=Experiencer |
| 8 | **behold** | infinitive |  | thing |  |  |  | together *property* | vn sight-30.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Experiencer it=Stimulus |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
הַגִּ֙ידוּ֙ הָאֹתִיּ֣וֹת לְאָח֔וֹר וְנֵ֣דְעָ֔ה כִּ֥י אֱלֹהִ֖ים אַתֶּ֑ם אַף־תֵּיטִ֣יבוּ וְתָרֵ֔עוּ וְנִשְׁתָּ֖עָה וְנִרְאֶ֥ה יַחְדָּֽו׃

[Isaiah 41:23: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.23/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:899` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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