---
title: Isaiah 1:9 (JPS 1917) — Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we s… · tree and pragmatics
description: Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, we should have been like unto Gomorrah. Who acts: LORD, we. Isaiah 1:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 1:9 · JPS 1917

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Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, we should have been like unto Gomorrah.

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**Who acts:** LORD, we · **What happens:** leave, be · **To what, where:** small remnant

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This is Isaiah 1:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, we), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:9
# text = Except the LORD of hosts had left unto us a very small remnant, we should have been as Sodom, we should have been like unto Gomorrah.
1	Except	except	SCONJ	IN	_	7	mark	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	LORD	LORD	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	7	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	hosts	host	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	3	nmod	_	_
6	had	have	AUX	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	7	aux	_	_
7	left	leave	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	advcl	_	_
8	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
9	us	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	7	obl	_	_
10	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	13	det	_	_
11	very	very	ADV	RB	_	12	advmod	_	_
12	small	small	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	13	amod	_	_
13	remnant	remnant	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	7	obj	_	_
14	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	7	punct	_	_
15	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	20	nsubj	_	_
16	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	20	aux	_	_
17	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	20	aux	_	_
18	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	20	cop	_	_
19	as	as	ADP	IN	_	20	case	_	_
20	Sodom	Sodom	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	advcl	_	_
21	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	26	punct	_	_
22	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	26	nsubj	_	_
23	should	should	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	26	aux	_	_
24	have	have	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	26	aux	_	_
25	been	be	AUX	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	26	cop	_	_
26	like	like	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	0	root	_	_
27	unto	unto	ADP	IN	_	28	case	_	_
28	Gomorrah	Gomorrah	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	26	obl	_	_
29	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	26	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: suggest
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **leave** | past · perfect | the LORD of hosts | a small remnant |  |  |  | unto us | vn keep-15.2 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent remnant=Theme |
| 2 | **is** | should · perfect | we |  |  |  |  | as Sodom | tree rules |
| 3 | **is** | should · perfect | we |  |  |  |  | unto Gomorrah; like *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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לוּלֵי֙ יְהוָ֣ה צְבָא֔וֹת הוֹתִ֥יר לָ֛נוּ שָׂרִ֖יד כִּמְעָ֑ט כִּסְדֹ֣ם הָיִ֔ינוּ לַעֲמֹרָ֖ה דָּמִֽינוּ׃ס

[Isaiah 1:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.1.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:9` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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