---
title: Isaiah 41:26 (JPS 1917) — Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforeti… · tree and pragmatics
description: Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right? Who acts: we, potter. Isaiah 41:26 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 41:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2

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Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right?

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**Who acts:** we, potter · **What happens:** declare, know, say, be · **To what, where:** beginning · **Speech:** someone speaks here

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This is Isaiah 41:26 · JPS 1917, sentence 1 of 2 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (we, potter), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:902
# text = Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	declared	declare	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	from	from	ADP	IN	_	6	case	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	beginning	beginning	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obl	_	_
7	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	11	punct	_	_
8	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	11	mark	_	_
9	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
10	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	11	aux	_	_
11	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	ccomp	_	_
12	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	beforetime	beforetime	ADV	RB	_	19	advmod	_	_
15	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
16	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	19	mark	_	_
17	we	we	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs	19	nsubj	_	_
18	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
19	say	say	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	3	conj	_	_
20	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	23	mark	_	_
21	he	he	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs	23	nsubj	_	_
22	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	23	cop	_	_
23	right	right	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	19	ccomp	_	_
24	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed act=ask, form=q

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **declare** *speech: other* | present · perfect |  |  |  |  | from the beginning |  | vn declare-29.4-1-1-1 «NP V what S\_INF»: agent=Agent clause=Theme |
| 2 | **know** | may | we |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 3 | **say** *speech: assert* | may | we |  |  |  |  | beforetime *property* | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent |
| 4 | **is** | present | potter |  |  |  |  | right *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
מִֽי־הִגִּ֤יד מֵרֹאשׁ֙ וְנֵדָ֔עָה וּמִלְּפָנִ֖ים וְנֹאמַ֣ר צַדִּ֑יק אַ֣ף אֵין־מַגִּ֗יד אַ֚ף אֵ֣ין מַשְׁמִ֔יעַ אַ֥ף אֵין־שֹׁמֵ֖עַ אִמְרֵיכֶֽם׃

[Isaiah 41:26: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.26/)

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This verse in JPS 1917:

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1. **Who hath declared from the beginning, that we may know? and beforetime, that we may say that he is right?**
2. [Yea, there is none that declareth, yea, there is none that announceth, yea, there is none that heareth your utterances.](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.903/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:902` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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- ← previous: [Isaiah 41:25 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.901/)
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- ↑ back to [Isaiah 41:26](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.26/)