---
title: Isaiah 41:29 (JPS 1917) — Behold, all of them, their works are vanity and nought; their molten… · tree and pragmatics
description: Behold, all of them, their works are vanity and nought; their molten images are wind and confusion. Who acts: works, molten images, men. Isaiah 41:29 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 41:29 · JPS 1917

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Behold, all of them, their works are vanity and nought; their molten images are wind and confusion.

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**Who acts:** works, molten images, men · **What happens:** be, work, image · **To what, where:** vanity, wind

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This is Isaiah 41:29 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (works, molten images, men), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:906
# text = Behold, all of them, their works are vanity and nought; their molten images are wind and confusion.
1	Behold	behold	INTJ	UH	_	10	discourse	_	_
2	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	1	punct	_	_
3	all	all	DET	DT	PronType=Tot	8	dep	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	3	nmod	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	3	punct	_	_
7	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	8	nmod:poss	_	_
8	works	work	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	nsubj	_	_
9	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	10	cop	_	_
10	vanity	vanity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	12	cc	_	_
12	nought	nought	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	conj	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	molten	molten	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	images	image	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
17	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	18	cop	_	_
18	wind	wind	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	10	parataxis	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	confusion	confusion	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	18	conj	_	_
21	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	10	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **is a** | present | men's works | vanity and nought |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 2 | **is a** | present | men's molten images | wind and confusion |  |  |  |  | tree rules |
| 3 | **work** |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom work «act intransitive»: poss=agent |
| 4 | **image** |  | men *= man* |  |  |  |  |  | nom image «cognition transitive»: poss=agent |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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הֵ֣ן כֻּלָּ֔ם אָ֥וֶן אֶ֖פֶס מַעֲשֵׂיהֶ֑ם ר֥וּחַ וָתֹ֖הוּ נִסְכֵּיהֶֽם׃פ

[Isaiah 41:29: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.41.29/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:906` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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