---
title: Isaiah 43:28 (JPS 1917) — Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I have g… · tree and pragmatics
description: Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I have given Jacob to condemnation, and Israel to reviling. Who acts: I. Isaiah 43:28 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 43:28 · JPS 1917

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Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I have given Jacob to condemnation, and Israel to reviling.

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**Who acts:** I · **What happens:** profane, give · **To what, where:** princes, Jacob, condemnation

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This is Isaiah 43:28 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (I), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:968
# text = Therefore I have profaned the princes of the sanctuary, and I have given Jacob to condemnation, and Israel to reviling.
1	Therefore	therefore	ADV	RB	_	4	advmod	_	_
2	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	4	nsubj	_	_
3	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	4	aux	_	_
4	profaned	profane	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
5	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
6	princes	prince	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	obj	_	_
7	of	of	ADP	IN	_	9	case	_	_
8	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	9	det	_	_
9	sanctuary	sanctuary	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nmod	_	_
10	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	14	punct	_	_
11	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	14	cc	_	_
12	I	I	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs	14	nsubj	_	_
13	have	have	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	14	aux	_	_
14	given	give	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	4	conj	_	_
15	Jacob	Jacob	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	obj	_	_
16	to	to	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	condemnation	condemnation	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	14	obl	_	_
18	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	20	punct	_	_
19	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	20	cc	_	_
20	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	14	conj	_	_
21	to	to	ADP	IN	_	22	case	_	_
22	reviling	reviling	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	20	orphan	_	_
23	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	4	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: neg
- teacher: changed polarity=neg, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **profane** | present · perfect | I | the princes of the sanctuary |  |  |  | therefore *property* | tree rules |
| 2 | **give** | present · perfect | I | Jacob | condemnation |  |  |  | vn give-13.1-1 «NP V NP PP.recipient»: agent=Agent jacob=Theme to condemnation=Recipient |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַאֲחַלֵּ֖ל שָׂ֣רֵי קֹ֑דֶשׁ וְאֶתְּנָ֤ה לַחֵ֙רֶם֙ יַעֲקֹ֔ב וְיִשְׂרָאֵ֖ל לְגִדּוּפִֽים׃ס

[Isaiah 43:28: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.43.28/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:968` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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