---
title: Isaiah 44:9 (JPS 1917) — They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their d… · tree and pragmatics
description: They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed. Who acts: delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses. Isaiah 44:9 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of ev
---

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# Isaiah 44:9 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses · **What happens:** fashion, be, not profit, not see, know · **To what, where:** graven image, all

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Isaiah 44:9 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (delectable things, own witnesses, witnesses), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:981
# text = They that fashion a graven image are all of them vanity, and their delectable things shall not profit; and their own witnesses see not, nor know; that they may be ashamed.
1	They	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	11	nsubj	_	_
2	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	3	nsubj	_	_
3	fashion	fashion	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	1	acl:relcl	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	6	det	_	_
5	graven	grave	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	6	amod	_	_
6	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
7	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	8	cop	_	_
8	all	all	PRON	DT	PronType=Tot	1	appos	_	_
9	of	of	ADP	IN	_	10	case	_	_
10	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	8	nmod	_	_
11	vanity	vanity	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	0	root	_	_
12	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	19	punct	_	_
13	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	19	cc	_	_
14	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	16	nmod:poss	_	_
15	delectable	delectable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	16	amod	_	_
16	things	thing	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	19	nsubj	_	_
17	shall	shall	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	19	aux	_	_
18	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	19	advmod	_	_
19	profit	profit	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	11	conj	_	_
20	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	25	punct	_	_
21	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	25	cc	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	24	nmod:poss	_	_
23	own	own	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	24	amod	_	_
24	witnesses	witness	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	25	nsubj	_	_
25	see	see	VERB	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	11	conj	_	_
26	not	not	PART	RB	Polarity=Neg	25	advmod	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	29	punct	_	_
28	nor	nor	CCONJ	CC	Polarity=Neg	29	cc	_	_
29	know	know	VERB	VB	VerbForm=Inf	25	conj	_	_
30	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	35	punct	_	_
31	that	that	SCONJ	IN	_	35	mark	_	_
32	they	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	35	nsubj	_	_
33	may	may	AUX	MD	VerbForm=Fin	35	aux	_	_
34	be	be	AUX	VB	VerbForm=Inf	35	cop	_	_
35	ashamed	ashamed	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	25	advcl	_	_
36	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	11	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: assert
- voice: narrator
- polarity: neg
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fashion** | present |  | a graven image |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent image=Product |
| 2 | **is a** | present |  | all |  |  |  | of witnesses *= witness* | tree rules |
| 3 | **not** **profit** | shall | witnesses's delectable things |  |  |  |  |  | vn benefit-72.2 «NP V»: agent=Beneficiary |
| 4 | **not** **see** | present | witnesses's own witnesses |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 5 | **know** | infinitive | witnesses's own witnesses *not said here* |  |  |  |  |  | vn comprehend-87.2-1-1-1 «NP V»: agent=Experiencer |
| 6 | **is** | may | witnesses *= witness* |  |  |  |  | ashamed *property* | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
יֹֽצְרֵי־פֶ֤סֶל כֻּלָּם֙ תֹּ֔הוּ וַחֲמוּדֵיהֶ֖ם בַּל־יוֹעִ֑ילוּ וְעֵדֵיהֶ֣ם הֵׄ֗מָּׄהׄבַּל־יִרְא֛וּ וּבַל־יֵדְע֖וּ לְמַ֥עַן יֵבֹֽשׁוּ׃

[Isaiah 44:9: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.9/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:981` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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