---
title: Isaiah 44:10 (JPS 1917) — Who hath fashioned a god, or molten an image that is profitable for… · tree and pragmatics
description: Who hath fashioned a god, or molten an image that is profitable for nothing? Who acts: image. Isaiah 44:10 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 44:10 · JPS 1917

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Who hath fashioned a god, or molten an image that is profitable for nothing?

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**Who acts:** image · **What happens:** fashion, melt, be · **To what, where:** god, image

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This is Isaiah 44:10 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (image), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:982
# text = Who hath fashioned a god, or molten an image that is profitable for nothing?
1	Who	who	PRON	WP	PronType=Int	3	nsubj	_	_
2	hath	have	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	3	aux	_	_
3	fashioned	fashion	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	0	root	_	_
4	a	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	5	det	_	_
5	god	god	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	3	obj	_	_
6	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	8	punct	_	_
7	or	or	CCONJ	CC	_	8	cc	_	_
8	molten	melt	VERB	VBN	Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part	3	conj	_	_
9	an	a	DET	DT	Definite=Ind|PronType=Art	10	det	_	_
10	image	image	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	8	obj	_	_
11	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	13	nsubj	_	_
12	is	be	AUX	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	13	cop	_	_
13	profitable	profitable	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	acl:relcl	_	_
14	for	for	ADP	IN	_	15	case	_	_
15	nothing	nothing	PRON	NN	Number=Sing|PronType=Neg	13	obl	_	_
16	?	?	PUNCT	.	_	3	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

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- form: yes/no question
- act: ask
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- indirect: yes
- teacher: changed act=ask, form=q, indirect=1

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| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **fashion** | present · perfect |  | a god |  |  |  |  | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent god=Product |
| 2 | **melt** | participle |  | a image |  |  |  |  | vn other\_cos-45.4-1 «NP V NP ADJ»: agent=Patient image=Result |
| 3 | **is** | present | a image |  |  |  |  | for nothing; profitable *property* | tree rules |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מִֽי־יָצַ֥ר אֵ֖ל וּפֶ֣סֶל נָסָ֑ךְ לְבִלְתִּ֖י הוֹעִֽיל׃

[Isaiah 44:10: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.10/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:982` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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