--- title: Isaiah 44:14 (JPS 1917) — He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the ilex and the oak, and stre… · tree and pragmatics description: He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the ilex and the oak, and strengtheneth for himself one among the trees of the forest; he planteth a bay-tree, and the rain doth nourish it. Who acts: carpenter, rain. Isaiah 44:14 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.986/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Isaiah](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/) / [chapter 44](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA/44/) / [44:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.14/) / JPS 1 # Isaiah 44:14 · JPS 1917 He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the ilex and the oak, and strengtheneth for himself one among the trees of the forest; he planteth a bay-tree, and the rain doth nourish it. **Who acts:** carpenter, rain · **What happens:** hew down, take, strengthen, plant, nourish · **To what, where:** cedars, strength, ilex, one, bay tree, forest This is Isaiah 44:14 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (carpenter, rain), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:ISA:986 # text = He heweth him down cedars, and taketh the ilex and the oak, and strengtheneth for himself one among the trees of the forest; he planteth a bay-tree, and the rain doth nourish it. 1 He he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 nsubj _ _ 2 heweth hew VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 3 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 2 iobj _ _ 4 down down ADP RP _ 2 compound:prt _ _ 5 cedars cedar NOUN NNS Number=Plur 2 obj _ _ 6 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 7 and and CCONJ CC _ 8 cc _ _ 8 taketh take VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 9 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 10 det _ _ 10 ilex ilex NOUN NN Number=Sing 8 obj _ _ 11 and and CCONJ CC _ 13 cc _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 oak oak NOUN NN Number=Sing 10 conj _ _ 14 , , PUNCT , _ 16 punct _ _ 15 and and CCONJ CC _ 16 cc _ _ 16 strengtheneth strengthen VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 17 for for ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 himself himself PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes 16 obl _ _ 19 one one NUM CD NumForm=Word|NumType=Card 16 obj _ _ 20 among among ADP IN _ 22 case _ _ 21 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 22 det _ _ 22 trees tree NOUN NNS Number=Plur 19 nmod _ _ 23 of of ADP IN _ 25 case _ _ 24 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 25 det _ _ 25 forest forest NOUN NN Number=Sing 22 nmod _ _ 26 ; ; PUNCT : _ 28 punct _ _ 27 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 28 nsubj _ _ 28 planteth plant VERB VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 2 conj _ _ 29 a a DET DT Definite=Ind|PronType=Art 32 det _ _ 30 bay bay NOUN NN Number=Sing 32 compound _ _ 31 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 30 punct _ _ 32 tree tree NOUN NN Number=Sing 28 obj _ _ 33 , , PUNCT , _ 38 punct _ _ 34 and and CCONJ CC _ 38 cc _ _ 35 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 36 det _ _ 36 rain rain NOUN NN Number=Sing 38 nsubj _ _ 37 doth do AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 38 aux _ _ 38 nourish nourish VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 28 conj _ _ 39 it it PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 38 obj _ _ 40 . . PUNCT . _ 2 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **hew down** | present | carpenter | cedars | strength | | | | vn cut-21.1-1 «NP V NP ADJP»: agent=Agent he=Patient cedar=Result | | 2 | **take** | present | carpenter *not said here* | the ilex and the oak | | | | | vn bring-11.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent ilex=Theme | | 3 | **strengthen** | present | carpenter *not said here* | one | | | | for carpenter; among the trees of the forest | vn other\_cos-45.4 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent one=Patient | | 4 | **plant** | present | carpenter | a bay tree | | | | | vn establish-55.5-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent tree=Patient | | 5 | **nourish** | present · do-support | the rain | forest | | | | | vn subjugate-42.3 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent it=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} לִכְרָת־ל֣וֹ אֲרָזִ֔ים וַיִּקַּ֤ח תִּרְזָה֙ וְאַלּ֔וֹן וַיְאַמֶּץ־ל֖וֹ בַּעֲצֵי־יָ֑עַר נָטַ֥ע אֹ֖רֶןוְגֶ֥שֶׁם יְגַדֵּֽל׃ [Isaiah 44:14: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.14/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:986` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Isaiah 44:13 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.985/) - next →: [Isaiah 44:15 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/ISA.987/) - ↑ back to [Isaiah 44:14](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.14/)