---
title: Isaiah 44:25 (JPS 1917) — That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners ma… · tree and pragmatics
description: That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish; Who acts: That. Isaiah 44:25 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Isaiah 44:25 · JPS 1917

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That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;

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**Who acts:** That · **What happens:** frustrate, make, turn · **To what, where:** tokens, diviners, wise men, knowledge

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This is Isaiah 44:25 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (That), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:ISA:998
# text = That frustrateth the tokens of the imposters, and maketh diviners mad; that turneth wise men backward, and maketh their knowledge foolish;
1	That	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	2	nsubj	_	_
2	frustrateth	frustrate	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
3	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	4	det	_	_
4	tokens	token	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	2	obj	_	_
5	of	of	ADP	IN	_	7	case	_	_
6	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	7	det	_	_
7	imposters	imposter	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	4	nmod	_	_
8	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	10	punct	_	_
9	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	10	cc	_	_
10	maketh	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	conj	_	_
11	diviners	diviner	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	10	obj	_	_
12	mad	mad	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	10	xcomp	_	_
13	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	15	punct	_	_
14	that	that	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	15	nsubj	_	_
15	turneth	turn	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	2	parataxis	_	_
16	wise	wise	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	17	amod	_	_
17	men	man	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	15	obj	_	_
18	backward	backward	ADV	RB	_	15	advmod	_	_
19	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	21	punct	_	_
20	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	21	cc	_	_
21	maketh	make	VERB	VBZ	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	15	conj	_	_
22	their	their	PRON	PRP$	Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs	23	nmod:poss	_	_
23	knowledge	knowledge	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	21	obj	_	_
24	foolish	foolish	ADJ	JJ	Degree=Pos	21	xcomp	_	_
25	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	2	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: fragment
- act: assert
- voice: character
- polarity: none
- teacher: changed form=frag, act=assert, voice=character

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **frustrate** | present | That | the tokens of the imposters |  |  |  |  | vn amuse-31.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Stimulus token=Experiencer |
| 2 | **make** | present | That *not said here* | diviners |  |  |  | mad *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset diviner=Product |
| 3 | **turn** | present | that | wise men |  |  |  | backward *property* | vn roll-51.3.1 «NP V ADJ.result»: agent=Theme man=Result |
| 4 | **make** | present | that *not said here* | men's knowledge |  |  |  | foolish *property* | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP»: agent=Asset knowledge=Product |

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One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

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מֵפֵר֙ אֹת֣וֹת בַּדִּ֔ים וְקֹסְמִ֖ים יְהוֹלֵ֑ל מֵשִׁ֧יב חֲכָמִ֛ים אָח֖וֹר וְדַעְתָּ֥ם יְשַׂכֵּֽל׃

[Isaiah 44:25: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/ISA.44.25/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:ISA:998` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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