---
title: Judges 6:2 (JPS 1917) — And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midi… · tree and pragmatics
description: And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds. Who acts: hand, children, dens. Judges 6:2 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause.
---

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# Judges 6:2 · JPS 1917

<!-- .ven lang=en -->
And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds.

<!-- .vintro -->
**Who acts:** hand, children, dens · **What happens:** prevail, make, be · **To what, where:** Israel, dens, them, mountains

<!-- .vabout -->
This is Judges 6:2 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (hand, children, dens), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum.

## The tree {#tree}

```conllu
# sent_id = jps:JDG:160
# text = And the hand of Midian prevailed against Israel; and because of Midian the children of Israel made them the dens which are in the mountains, and the caves, and the strongholds.
1	And	and	CCONJ	CC	_	6	cc	_	_
2	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	3	det	_	_
3	hand	hand	NOUN	NN	Number=Sing	6	nsubj	_	_
4	of	of	ADP	IN	_	5	case	_	_
5	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	3	nmod	_	_
6	prevailed	prevail	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	0	root	_	_
7	against	against	ADP	IN	_	8	case	_	_
8	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	6	obl	_	_
9	;	;	PUNCT	:	_	18	punct	_	_
10	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	18	cc	_	_
11	because	because	ADP	IN	ExtPos=ADP	13	case	_	_
12	of	of	ADP	IN	_	11	fixed	_	_
13	Midian	Midian	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	18	obl	_	_
14	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	15	det	_	_
15	children	child	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	nsubj	_	_
16	of	of	ADP	IN	_	17	case	_	_
17	Israel	Israel	PROPN	NNP	Number=Sing	15	nmod	_	_
18	made	make	VERB	VBD	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin	6	conj	_	_
19	them	they	PRON	PRP	Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs	18	iobj	_	_
20	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	21	det	_	_
21	dens	den	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	18	obj	_	_
22	which	which	PRON	WDT	PronType=Rel	26	nsubj	_	_
23	are	be	AUX	VBP	Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin	26	cop	_	_
24	in	in	ADP	IN	_	26	case	_	_
25	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	26	det	_	_
26	mountains	mountain	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	acl:relcl	_	_
27	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	30	punct	_	_
28	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	30	cc	_	_
29	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	30	det	_	_
30	caves	cave	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
31	,	,	PUNCT	,	_	34	punct	_	_
32	and	and	CCONJ	CC	_	34	cc	_	_
33	the	the	DET	DT	Definite=Def|PronType=Art	34	det	_	_
34	strongholds	stronghold	NOUN	NNS	Number=Plur	21	conj	_	_
35	.	.	PUNCT	.	_	6	punct	_	_
```

## Pragmatics {#pragmatics}

<!-- sa -->
- form: statement
- act: narrate
- voice: narrator
- polarity: none
- teacher: kept the draft

<!-- .fr -->
| # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by |
| --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| 1 | **prevail** | past | the hand of Midian |  |  | Israel |  |  | vn exist-47.1 «NP V PP.location»: agent=Theme against israel=Location |
| 2 | **make** | past | the children of Israel | the dens and the caves and the strongholds | them *= they* |  |  | because Midian | vn build-26.1-1 «NP.asset V NP NP»: agent=Asset they=Beneficiary den=Product |
| 3 | **is** | present | the dens and the caves and the strongholds |  |  | the mountains |  |  | tree rules |

<!-- .note -->
One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree.

## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew}

<!-- .vhe dir=rtl lang=hbo -->
וַתָּ֥עָז יַד־מִדְיָ֖ן עַל־יִשְׂרָאֵ֑ל מִפְּנֵ֨י מִדְיָ֜ן עָשֽׂוּ לָהֶ֣ם ׀ בְּנֵ֣י יִשְׂרָאֵ֗ל אֶת־הַמִּנְהָרוֹת֙ אֲשֶׁ֣ר בֶּֽהָרִ֔ים וְאֶת־הַמְּעָר֖וֹת וְאֶת־הַמְּצָדֽוֹת׃

[Judges 6:2: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.6.2/)

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**Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:160` of Mova's parse database.

**The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter.

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