--- title: Judges 6:13 (JPS 1917) — And Gideon said unto him: 'Oh, my lord, if the LORD be with us, why… · tree and pragmatics description: And Gideon said unto him: 'Oh, my lord, if the LORD be with us, why then is all this befallen us? and where are all His wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying: Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt? but now the LORD hath cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian.' 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The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (Gideon, LORD, this, fathers), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:171 # text = And Gideon said unto him: 'Oh, my lord, if the LORD be with us, why then is all this befallen us? and where are all His wondrous works which our fathers told us of, saying: Did not the LORD bring us up from Egypt? but now the LORD hath cast us off, and delivered us into the hand of Midian.' 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 3 cc _ _ 2 Gideon Gideon PROPN NNP Number=Sing 3 nsubj _ _ 3 said say VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 0 root _ _ 4 unto unto ADP IN _ 5 case _ _ 5 him he PRON PRP Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 3 obl _ _ 6 : : PUNCT : _ 3 punct _ _ 7 ' ' PUNCT `` _ 25 punct _ _ 8 Oh oh INTJ UH _ 25 discourse _ _ 9 , , PUNCT , _ 8 punct _ _ 10 my my PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Sing|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 11 nmod:poss _ _ 11 lord lord NOUN NN Number=Sing 25 vocative _ _ 12 , , PUNCT , _ 18 punct _ _ 13 if if SCONJ IN _ 18 mark _ _ 14 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 15 det _ _ 15 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 18 nsubj _ _ 16 be be AUX VB VerbForm=Inf 18 cop _ _ 17 with with ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 18 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 advcl _ _ 19 , , PUNCT , _ 25 punct _ _ 20 why why ADV WRB PronType=Int 25 advmod _ _ 21 then then ADV RB PronType=Dem 25 advmod _ _ 22 is be AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 25 cop _ _ 23 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 24 det:predet _ _ 24 this this PRON DT Number=Sing|PronType=Dem 25 nsubj _ _ 25 befallen befall VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass 3 ccomp _ _ 26 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 25 obj _ _ 27 ? ? PUNCT . _ 25 punct _ _ 28 and and CCONJ CC _ 34 cc _ _ 29 where where ADV WRB PronType=Rel 34 advmod _ _ 30 are be AUX VBP Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 34 cop _ _ 31 all all DET PDT PronType=Tot 34 det:predet _ _ 32 His his PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 34 nmod:poss _ _ 33 wondrous wondrous ADJ JJ Degree=Pos 34 amod _ _ 34 works work NOUN NNS Number=Plur 3 conj _ _ 35 which which PRON WDT PronType=Rel 38 obl _ _ 36 our our PRON PRP$ Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=1|Poss=Yes|PronType=Prs 37 nmod:poss _ _ 37 fathers father NOUN NNS Number=Plur 38 nsubj _ _ 38 told tell VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 34 acl:relcl _ _ 39 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 38 iobj _ _ 40 of of ADP IN _ 35 case _ _ 41 , , PUNCT , _ 42 punct _ _ 42 saying say VERB VBG Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part 38 advcl _ _ 43 : : PUNCT : _ 48 punct _ _ 44 Did do AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 48 aux _ _ 45 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 48 advmod _ _ 46 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 47 det _ _ 47 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 nsubj _ _ 48 bring bring VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 42 ccomp _ _ 49 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 48 obj _ _ 50 up up ADP RP _ 48 compound:prt _ _ 51 from from ADP IN _ 52 case _ _ 52 Egypt Egypt PROPN NNP Number=Sing 48 obl _ _ 53 ? ? PUNCT . _ 48 punct _ _ 54 but but CCONJ CC _ 59 cc _ _ 55 now now ADV RB PronType=Dem 59 advmod _ _ 56 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 57 det _ _ 57 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 59 nsubj _ _ 58 hath have AUX VBZ Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Style=Arch|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin 59 aux _ _ 59 cast cast VERB VBN Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part 25 conj _ _ 60 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 59 obj _ _ 61 off off ADP RP _ 59 compound:prt _ _ 62 , , PUNCT , _ 64 punct _ _ 63 and and CCONJ CC _ 64 cc _ _ 64 delivered deliver VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 59 conj _ _ 65 us we PRON PRP Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs 64 obj _ _ 66 into into ADP IN _ 68 case _ _ 67 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 68 det _ _ 68 hand hand NOUN NN Number=Sing 64 obl _ _ 69 of of ADP IN _ 70 case _ _ 70 Midian Midian PROPN NNP Number=Sing 68 nmod _ _ 71 . . PUNCT . _ 3 punct _ _ 72 ' ' PUNCT '' _ 3 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: yes/no question - act: disagree - voice: character - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **say** *speech: assert* | past | Gideon | | | | | unto angel | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V how S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 2 | **is** *a condition, not said to happen* | infinitive | the LORD | | | | | with us | tree rules | | 3 | **is** | present | this | | | | then | my lord *vocative*; befall *property* | tree rules | | 4 | **is a** | present | Gideon *not said here* | LORD's wondrous works | | | | | tree rules | | 5 | **tell** *speech: assert* | past | our fathers | | us | | | of LORD's wondrous works | vn transfer\_mesg-37.1.1-1-1 «NP V NP.recipient»: agent=Agent we=Recipient | | 6 | **say** *speech: assert* | gerund | our fathers *not said here* | | | | | | vn say-37.7-1-1 «NP V that S»: agent=Agent clause=Topic | | 7 | **not** **bring up** | past · do-support | the LORD | us | | Egypt | | | vn remedy-45.7 «NP V NP.patient»: agent=Agent we=Patient | | 8 | **cast off** | present · perfect | the LORD | us | | | now | | vn build-26.1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Product | | 9 | **deliver** | past | the LORD *not said here* | us | | the hand of Midian | | | vn birth-28.2-1-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent we=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיֹּ֨אמֶר אֵלָ֤יו גִּדְעוֹן֙ בִּ֣י אֲדֹנִ֔י וְיֵ֤שׁ יְהוָה֙ עִמָּ֔נוּ וְלָ֥מָּה מְצָאַ֖תְנוּ כָּל־זֹ֑את וְאַיֵּ֣ה כָֽל־נִפְלְאֹתָ֡יו אֲשֶׁר֩ סִפְּרוּ־לָ֨נוּ אֲבוֹתֵ֜ינוּ לֵאמֹ֗ר הֲלֹ֤א מִמִּצְרַ֙יִם֙ הֶעֱלָ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה וְעַתָּה֙ נְטָשָׁ֣נוּ יְהוָ֔ה וַֽיִּתְּנֵ֖נוּ בְּכַף־מִדְיָֽן׃ [Judges 6:13: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.6.13/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:171` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 6:12 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.170/) - next →: [Judges 6:14 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.172/) - ↑ back to [Judges 6:13](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.6.13/)