--- title: Judges 1:19 (JPS 1917) — And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the… · tree and pragmatics description: And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the hill-country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. Who acts: LORD, Judah, inhabitants. Judges 1:19 in JPS 1917 with its dependency tree and the pragmatics of every clause. --- [Mova](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) · [this page in HTML](https://mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.19/) [home](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/) / [corpora](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/) / [Tanakh](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/tanakh/) / [Nevi'im](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/) / [Judges](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/) / [chapter 1](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG/1/) / [1:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.19/) / JPS 1 # Judges 1:19 · JPS 1917 And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the hill-country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. **Who acts:** LORD, Judah, inhabitants · **What happens:** be, drive out, not drive out, have · **To what, where:** inhabitants, chariots This is Judges 1:19 · JPS 1917 in the English of the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 translation, from Mova's open Bible corpus. The page gives the sentence's syntax tree — a dependency tree in the style of Universal Dependencies, parsed by Mova and checked by a teacher model — and its pragmatics clause by clause: who acts (LORD, Judah, inhabitants), what happens, when and where, as Mova's frames read it. The original of the verse links back to its own tree and to the Targum. ## The tree {#tree} ```conllu # sent_id = jps:JDG:19 # text = And the LORD was with Judah; and he drove out the inhabitants of the hill-country; for he could not drive out the inhabitants of the valley, because they had chariots of iron. 1 And and CCONJ CC _ 6 cc _ _ 2 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 3 det _ _ 3 LORD LORD PROPN NNP Number=Sing 6 nsubj _ _ 4 was be AUX VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 cop _ _ 5 with with ADP IN _ 6 case _ _ 6 Judah Judah PROPN NNP Number=Sing 0 root _ _ 7 ; ; PUNCT : _ 10 punct _ _ 8 and and CCONJ CC _ 10 cc _ _ 9 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 10 nsubj _ _ 10 drove drive VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 6 conj _ _ 11 out out ADP RP _ 10 compound:prt _ _ 12 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 13 det _ _ 13 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 10 obj _ _ 14 of of ADP IN _ 18 case _ _ 15 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 18 det _ _ 16 hill hill NOUN NN Number=Sing 18 compound _ _ 17 - - PUNCT HYPH _ 16 punct _ _ 18 country country NOUN NN Number=Sing 13 nmod _ _ 19 ; ; PUNCT : _ 24 punct _ _ 20 for for SCONJ IN _ 24 mark _ _ 21 he he PRON PRP Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs 24 nsubj _ _ 22 could could AUX MD Mood=Ind|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 aux _ _ 23 not not PART RB Polarity=Neg 24 advmod _ _ 24 drive drive VERB VB VerbForm=Inf 10 advcl _ _ 25 out out ADP RP _ 24 compound:prt _ _ 26 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 27 det _ _ 27 inhabitants inhabitant NOUN NNS Number=Plur 24 obj _ _ 28 of of ADP IN _ 30 case _ _ 29 the the DET DT Definite=Def|PronType=Art 30 det _ _ 30 valley valley NOUN NN Number=Sing 27 nmod _ _ 31 , , PUNCT , _ 34 punct _ _ 32 because because SCONJ IN _ 34 mark _ _ 33 they they PRON PRP Case=Nom|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs 34 nsubj _ _ 34 had have VERB VBD Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin 24 advcl _ _ 35 chariots chariot NOUN NNS Number=Plur 34 obj _ _ 36 of of ADP IN _ 37 case _ _ 37 iron iron NOUN NN Number=Sing 35 nmod _ _ 38 . . PUNCT . _ 6 punct _ _ ``` ## Pragmatics {#pragmatics} - form: statement - act: assert - voice: narrator - polarity: none - teacher: kept the draft | # | verb | tense, mood | who | what, whom | to whom | where | when | other | roles by | | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | | 1 | **is** | past | the LORD | | | | | with Judah | tree rules | | 2 | **drive out** | past | Judah | the inhabitants of the hill country | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inhabitant=Theme | | 3 | **not** **drive out** | could | Judah | the inhabitants of the valley | | | | | vn nonvehicle-51.4.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent inhabitant=Theme | | 4 | **have** | past | inhabitants *= inhabitant* | chariots of iron | | | | | vn birth-28.2-1 «NP V NP»: agent=Agent chariot=Patient | One row per clause the reader finds. «not said here»: a role filled from the clause above. «roles by»: a VerbNet class and frame when one fits the verb, else the reader's rules on the tree. ## The Hebrew of this verse {#hebrew} וַיְהִ֤י יְהוָה֙ אֶתּ־יְהוּדָ֔הוַיֹּ֖רֶשׁ אֶת־הָהָ֑ר כִּ֣י לֹ֤א לְהוֹרִישׁ֙ אֶת־יֹשְׁבֵ֣י הָעֵ֔מֶק כִּי־רֶ֥כֶב בַּרְזֶ֖ל לָהֶֽם׃ [Judges 1:19: the Hebrew tree, its pragmatics and Targum Jonathan →](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.19/) **Source.** The Holy Scriptures according to the Masoretic Text, Jewish Publication Society, 1917, from eBible.org: public domain. Sentence `jps:JDG:19` of Mova's parse database. **The tree and the speech act** come from Mova's cycle: the small model's draft, read by a large model as teacher, passed by Mova's gates (Elamur Cosmic License). **The frames** are read from the tree by Mova's frames reader (`prag`) when this page is built, the chapter read in order, so a pronoun may be resolved from an earlier sentence of the chapter. - ← previous: [Judges 1:18 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.18/) - next →: [Judges 1:20 (JPS)](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/jps/JDG.20/) - ↑ back to [Judges 1:19](https://md.mova.elamur.ai/free/en/corpora/neviim/JDG.1.19/)